Achromatic separation

Calculated energy of Immediately after achromatic separation from other fragments (MeV/n means MeV per nucleon). Total reacceleration energy after laser ionization. 

The femtosecond laser pulses shaped by the AOPDF are amplified by the CPA up to 0.5mJ/pulse. Ethanol vapor is continuously flow into the vacuum chamber through a micro-syringe (70 pm) with stagnation pressure of 7 Torr at room temperature. The laser pulses are focused on a skimmed molecular beam of the ethanol vapor with an achromatic lens (/ = 145 mm). The focal spot size of the laser beam is 20 pm(j>. The peak intensity of the transform-limited laser pulse is calculated to 4 x 1015 W/cm2. The fragment ions are mass-separated with Wiley-McLaren type time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, and are detected with a microchannel plate (MCP) detector. 

Figure 3.6-8 Experimental set-up for CARS spectroscopy in the condensed phase. A = aperture AL = achromatic lens BS = beam. splitter CL = calibration lamp D = diffuser Dl, D2 = diodes FR = double Fresnel rhombus L = lens M = mirror P = Glan-Thompson polarizer PA = preamplifier PHS = Prism Harmonic Separator PM = photomultiplier PR = linear dispersing prism arrangement S = shutter (Materny et al., 1992a).

RI beams. RIPS is an in-flight type radioactive isotope (RI) separator to produce RI beams using the fragmentation of the heavy ion beams. RIPS is an achromatic spectrometer, as is shown in Fig. 6.25, consisting of two magnetic separation sections, which enables us to separate RI beams with high resolution. For on-line Mossbauer spectroscopy, Mn/ Fe isotopes are separated by RIPS. The set-up for on-line Mossbauer spectroscopy of Mn/ Fe isotopes is installed at the end of the RIPS beam line behind the F3 chamber, as is shown in Fig. 6.26. 

A useful separation between the achromatic and chromatic aspects of color was achieved in a system of colorimetry adopted by the CIE in 1931. This was the first specification of color to achieve international agreement it remains today the principal system used internationally for specifying colors quantitatively, without reference to a set of actual samples. 

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