Acetic Acid effect

Bhagya S, Srinivas H. 1992. Extraction of soybean with hexane-acetic acid Effect on oil quality. FoodChem 44 123-125. 

Srinivas H, Swamylingappa B, Chand N. 1992. Secondary extraction of soybeans using hexane-acetic acid Effect on beany flavor removal and physiochemical properties. J Agric Food Chem 40 276-279. 

Protonolysis of these allenylboranes can be effected by addition of water or acetic acid. In the former case the reaction occurs by an Se2 pathway affording alkynes in high yield (Table 9.9). In contrast, acetic acid effects protonolysis without isomerization to yield the corresponding allenes, also in high yield (Table 9.10). 

The anodic oxidation of 4-methoxyphcnols in acetic acid effectively stabilises the phenoxonium ion, in an equlibrium with the acetoxylation product. Tbis allows an intermolecular [5 + 2] bx-cycloaddition processes with some alkenes [110], The cycloaddition process has been used very successfully in the synthesis of a number of natural products [III]. The rate of cycloaddition is sensitive to substituents on the alkene bond and in imfavourable cases other reactions of the phenoxonium ion predominate. 

Mercury(II) oxide and acetic acid effect the cyclization of l,4-diaryloxybut-2-ynes to 4-aryloxymethylchromenes. The transformation was attributed to cyclization of the butanone which resulted from hydration of the alkyne (72JHC489). However, it has since been shown that similar butanones do not cyclize to chromenes under the cyclization conditions (78JOC3856). Instead, a mechanism is proposed which involves a charge-induced Claisen rearrangement which is triggered by 7r-complex formation between the metal ion... 

O-p-tolylsulfonyl-a-D-mannoside (39) in 37% yield. Treatment of (39) with sodium iodide in acetone gave the 6-iodo derivative (40), which underwent reduction with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel boride" catalyst" to give methyl 4-0-benzoyl-2,3-0 carbonyl-6-deoxy-o>-D-manno-side (41) in 95% yield. Reaction of (41) with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid effected replacement of the methoxyl group at C-l, affording crystalline... 

Two aliphatic acids possess, for grasses, many of the growth-distortion and toxicity effects associated with the synthetic auxins on dicotyledonous plants. Trichloroacetic acid and 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon), as the sodium salts, have been called grass "hormones or auxins, although Wilkinson184 could find no growth stimulation at low concentrations, and described dalapon as an antiauxin from its interference with indole-3-acetic acid effects. The herbicidal properties of trichloroacetate do not depend on its protein-denaturing ability, and those of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid involve, at least indirectly, the synthesis of pantothenic acid. 

Polyolefin cyclization.1 This Pd(0) catalyst in combination with a phosphine ligand and acetic acid effects cyclization of polyunsaturated substrates to polycyclic products in one step (zipper reaction). However, a triple bond is required for initiation. This polyolefin cyclization has been used to prepare tetra- and pentaspirocycles, as a mixture of only two stereoisomers. 

The decrease in tetraacetate complex in the resin phase with increased acetic acid concentration is probably attributed to lowered acetate activity in the resin phase caused by hydrogen bonding of invading acetic acid to the resin acetate. A similar but more pronounced effect occurs in the uranyl sulfate system owing to conversion of resin sulfate to bisulfate (17). The only clear cut effect of a wide variance in the lithium acetate concentration seems to be a decrease of the acetic acid effect. This is probably caused by tying up of acetic acid by hydrogen... 

Dehydrogenative heterocyclization of the 4-arylidenehydrazino-6-methyl-2-methylthiopyrimidines 98 with bromine in acetic acid effected simultaneous bromination at C8 to produce 99. The structure of compounds 99 was ratified by the alternative heterocyclization of the 4-arylidenehydrazino-5-bromo-6-methyl-2-methylthiopyrimidines 100 [94JCR(S)412] (Scheme 43). 

Chitosan 90% acetic acid Effect of several solvents and their mixtures with only strong acetic acid (80-90%) effective. Fiber diameter below lOOrun. [164]... 

Chitosan/ PAA Acetic acid Effect of electrospinning temperature and blend ratio. [181]... 

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