Acetamide azeotropes

Ref 3a). Miscible with w, ale eth. Can be prepd by dehydration of acetamide or by other methods. Used as a solvent for many org compdsfamong them RDX, HMX, etc) and as a starting material for the prepo of some org compds. Its toxicity and fire hazard are discussed in Ref 6. The expl hazard is great when acetonitrile is exposed to heat, flame or cnem reactions with oxidizers. It forms an azeotrope with water... 

In other chemical systems, the molecules can attract instead of repulse. The results can be the formation of maximum-hoWing azeotropes because the molecular attraction reduces the effective vapor pressures of the components. Examples include nitric acid-water, acetone-chloroform, formic acid-water, and M, -dimethyl acetamide-acetic acid. 

In this chapter, we explore the design and control of the maximum-boiling azeotropic acetone-chloroform distillation system as a typical example. Other systems that exhibit maximum-boiling azeotropes include formic acid-water, nitric acid-water, and acetic acid-DMAC (n,n-dimethyl acetamide). 

An equimolar mixture of 2-aminopropanol, thiophenol, and acetic acid in benzene refluxed 6-14 hrs. with azeotropic removal of the resulting water -> N-(l-phenylthio-2-propyl) acetamide. Y 80%.—The corresponding 2-amino-thioethers can be obtained by refluxing in coned. HGl. F. e. and limitations s. H. L. Wehrmeister, J. Org. Ghem. 28, 2589 (1963). 

Aromatic diamine, 6FDA and maleic anhydride were reacted in N, N-dimethyl acetamide/xylene at 50 °C to form amic acid oligomer, which was subsequently cyclodehydrated by refluxing in the presence of pyridine as a catalyst. Water is removed azeotropically and the oligomer is isolated by precipitation in water or a non-solvent [127]. These oligomers have been used for molding, adhesive and eomposite applieations. Similarly... 

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