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Acceptable daily intakes and reference doses

The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is the level of daily intake of a toxic substance that does not produce an adverse health effect. ADls are based on NOAELs, but are not considered an absolute physiological threshold they are based on safety factors that reflect variations in the population. Therefore, values for ADls are significantly lower than values of corresponding NOAELs (US EPA, 1986, pp. 33992-34003). [Pg.10]

Reference doses (RfDs) are a regulatory parameter also based on NOAELs. The RfD is used by the EPA in place of the ADI (which sometimes results in lower values for acceptable intakes). Safety factors are used in the derivation of RfDs to account for hypersensitivity reactions. RfDs usually incorporate two safety factors (i) a factor of 10 for variation among individuals and (ii) another factor of [Pg.10]

10 for extrapolation from experimental animal data to humans (Bames and Dourson, 1988). Another safety factor that may be used with the RfD is a modifying factor ranging from 1 to 10, which is based on professional judgment. The procedure for estabhshing RfDs is somewhat more detailed than for ADI development, and includes use of the most sensitive species, the appropriate route of exposure, and the most sensitive end point (US EPA, 1986, pp. 34028-34040). RfDs have become a widely used indicator of chronic toxicity, and have been established for oral and inhalation routes. RfDs for the most common hazardous compounds are hsted in Table 3. [Pg.11]


Exposure Standards and Guidelines The acceptable daily intake and reference dose for permethrin are both 0.05 mg kg day Relevant Website http //toxnet.nlm.nih.gov - TOXNET, Specialized Information Services, National Library of Medicine. Search for Permethrin. [Pg.1944]


See other pages where Acceptable daily intakes and reference doses is mentioned: [Pg.4543]    [Pg.4552]    [Pg.10]   


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