Acanthamoeba castellani

Pollard, T.D. Kom, E.D. (1973). Acanthamoeba myosin 1. Isolation form Acanthamoeba castellani of an enzyme similar to muscle myosin. J. Biol. Chem. 248,4682-4690. 

Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter cloacae Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhimurium Serratia marcescens Shigella spp. Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. Candida albicans Saccharomyces cerevisiae Acanthamoeba castellani Paramecium caudatum Tetrahymena pyrifomds... 

Aminophosphonic acids play an important role in living systems. The first acid to be found naturally, namely (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid (also known as ciliatine, 2AEPH, and jS-Ala ) , has been followed more recently by 2-amino-5-phosphonopent-2-enoic acid, isolated from Streptomyces plumbens, and (2-amino-l-hydroxyethyl)phosphonic acid, isolated from Acanthamoeba castellani and formed through the biological hydroxylation of (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid. Many acids are inhibitors of enzymes important in carboxylic acid biochemistry. Ala is a potent inhibitor of a racemase from Gram-positive bacteria (the corresponding phosphinic acid 99 is not). Phosphinothricin... 

Amino-l-hydroxyethyl)phosphonic acid occurs in the plasma membrane of Acanthamoeba castellani and the 2R isomer is formed, in that organism, by the hydroxy-lation of (2-aminoethvl)phosphonic acid This biosynthesis step in vitro has been studied by Hammerschmidt" who synthesized various chiral deuterium-labelled derivatives of both compounds using the isotopically labelled 2-benzyloxyethanal in Abramov reactions to obtain, initially, the dimethyl (2-benzyloxy-l-hydroxyethyl)phosphonate (362). This ester was resolved through the diastereoisomeric carbamates 363 the separated carbamates were sequentially de-l-O-protected, silylated at the a-HO group, debenzylat-ed and, by means of the Mitsunobu reaction, converted into dimethyl [2-eizido- -(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]phosphonates. Subsequently, standard reactions were used to transform the latter into the diastereoisomeric, isotopically labelled (2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)phosphonic acid. 

The amoeba Acanthamoeba castellani has been shown to bind to equine erythrocytes by interaction with carbohydrates on the surface of the red cells. 4-Nitrophenyl tri-A-methyltyrosinate [ I]iodide has been used to label the outer surface of mature chicken erythrocytes. Two component glycoproteins, with subunits of molecular weight 5 x 10 and 1 x 10 , were identified. Neuraminidase-treated rat and rabbit erythrocytes were shown to be rapidly sequestered by the liver. Chemical studies of glycoproteins obtained from erythrocyte membranes from a number of sources have been reported. ... 

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