Abstraction, definition

Writers on management, however, have tended to be less concerned with abstract definitions of effectiveness than with specifying what managers need to do in order to be effective. In many cases it is in fact taken for granted that the meaning of effective is known and all that is needed is to specify the knowledge or skills that are needed for its attainment. 

Overall desirability is an abstract definition and therefore some of its properties have to be analyzed, such as lack of fit and statistical effectiveness. It has been asserted that the effectiveness and sensitivity of partial and overall desirability are not lower than the same properties of any technological response. Overall desirability is quantitative, singular, statistically effective, adequate, etc. It has found a large application in the research of polymeric materials, rubber products, etc. 

As described above VWS and SAS are easily defined as sets of spheres centred on atoms. This definition, however, does not apply to SES in this case in fact, the pair of surfaces delimiting the boundary between the excluded volume and the solvent cannot be defined using spheres. There are several algorithms which translate the abstract definition of the SES into a complex solid composed of simple geometrical objects from which the surface can be easily tessellated. 

This abstract definition will be explained with the actual example of gaseous permeation through a zeolite/alumina composite membrane. Here, we must investigate the effect of the five following factors on the rate of permeation the temperature (T) when the domain is between 200 and 400 °C, the trans-membrane pressure (Ap) when the domain is between 40 and 80 bar, the membrane porosity (s) ranging from 0.08 to 0.18 m /m, the zeolite concentration within the porous structure (c ) from 0.01 to 0.08 kg/kg and the molecular weight of the permeated gas (M) which is between 16 and 48 kg/kmol. With respect to the first... 

This abstract definition can be visualized when the vertices are drawn as small circles and two vertices are connected by a line if they belong to relation si (see Eq. (1)). These connecting fines are called edges . 

To avoid abstract definitions we shall give a simple example. As is well known, the angular momentum operators J+, Jo, J- satisfy the commutation relations... 

A primary method provides the means to transform the abstract definition of an SI unit into practical measurements made in terms of that unit. This is sometimes referred to as a realization of that unit. The CCQM identified several methods with the potential of being primary methods of... 

One of the most elementary and most common of structural forms is what engineers call a beam. The essence of the idea of a beam is that it spans some space and resists bending or deflection by forces acting transverse to its long dimension. Some familiar examples will make this somewhat abstract definition concrete. Houses have floor beams, and if we examine them in an unfinished basement we see that they generally reach from wall to wall. 

A stochastic system is one whose behavior is not purely deterministic and predictable, but rather has (assumed inherent) randomness. The theory of probability provides a mathematical fi amework for understanding and modeling such systems. Rather than provide abstract definitions, we introduce the subject through an example modeling the distribution of polymer chain lengths in condensation polymerization. 

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