Soil-water absorption, modification

Grafting on Fibers. By treatment with sodium hydroxide and a low degree of cyanoethylation, the moisture retention of cotton can be improved by as much as 14% (169). X-ray diffraction reveals a decrease in the crystallinity of the cotton, which provides the improved moisture retention (170). Modifications of fibers by grafting with acrylonitrile, followed by hydrolysis, produce water-receptive and soil-repellent fibers (171). Such treatments to nylon result in significant protein-coupling efficiency (172). Grafting onto polypropylene fibers enhances moisture absorption and dye absorption (173). 

Finally, modifications to standard test methods must sometimes be made. This is especially true if a product has finishes that prevent water absorption or soiling. 

---