Space, absolute

The volumes above are absolute volumes. For example, a 94-lb sack of cement contains 1 ft of bulk cement powder, yet the actual or absolute space occupied by the cement particles is only 0.48 ft . 

Hughes, M. Newton, Hermes and Berkeley. Brit JPhilos Sci 43 (1992) 1-19. Concerning hermetic influences on Newton s theology, his idea of absolute space, and Berkeley s critique of Newton in "The Analyst"... 

We introduce the vectors of absolute space-specific rates of growth,... 

The generalized Fisher theorems derived in this section are statements about the space variation of the vectors of the relative and absolute space-specific rates of growth. These vectors have a simple natural (biological, chemical, physical) interpretation They express the capacity of a species of type u to fill out space in genetic language, they are space-specific fitness functions. In addition, the covariance matrix of the vector of the relative space-specific rates of growth, gap, [Eq. (25)] is a Riemannian metric tensor that enters the expression of a Fisher information metric [Eqs. (24) and (26)]. These results may serve as a basis for solving inverse problems for reaction transport systems. 

M. C. Combourieu and J. P. Vigier, Absolute space-time and realism in Lorentz invariant interpretation of quantum mechanics, Phys. Lett. A 175(5), 269-272 (1993). 

Newton might no less well have called his absolute space Aether what is essential is merely that besides observable objects, another thing, which is not perceptible, must be looked upon as real, to enable acceleration or rotation to be looked upon as something real. 

Like absolute space, extension is a space-like structure in that it contains regions.5 But, it differs from space in two important respects. 

My characterization of absolute space draws heavily from Michael Friedman, Foundations of Space-Time Theories (Princeton, 1983). 

The structure so far characterized is one way of viewing what might be called absolute space . And as I said, it is plausible to suppose that such a view of space is latent in common-sense conceptions. Aristotelian peyeGo however, is not absolute space. As the informal discussion of extension brought out, when we move to Aristotelian peyeGoi we can keep the idea of a structure stratified into hyper-planes of simultaneity but we must abandon the fixity principle. Suppose, then, that there is a structure M that contains simultaneity hyper-planes. And suppose that a rigging connects the points in the various simultaneity planes. But suppose that the fixity principle is false. In other words, suppose that it is possible that... 

At this point Born argues that 20th century physics has celebrated its greatest triumphs by eliminating all concepts that are of no relevance for the observed phenomena. He points out that elimination of the concept of absolute space and time leads to the theory of relativity, and elimination of the concept of the possibility of simultaneous accurate measurement of conjugate dynamical variables leads to quantum mechanics. He calls this process of elimination the heuristic principle of physics . Following the heuristic principle, he demands the elimination of the concept of determinism as a physical concept even in classical mechanics and wonders what it might lead up to. 

Scientists thought that the ether should be everywhere and that it must be stationary, at rest with respect to absolute space which, following Newton, was believed to exist independently of the objects in it. It was thought that by measuring the motion of Earth relative to the ether it would be possible to observe the latter. 

Absolute space—The concept that space exists independently of the objects that occupy it. 

This principle that all things proceed from one is demonstrable in the physical in the principles of Biology, the multicellular organisms, complex as they may be in their structure, nevertheless arise from a single cell. Science postulates that all matter is composed of atoms the atoms, however, are composed of protons and electrons, and the electrons in their turn are evidently composed of Ether. This Ether is a universal connecting medium filling all Space to the furthest limits, penetrating the interstices of the atoms without a break in its continuity, and so completely does it fill Space that it is sometimes identified with Space, and has, in fact, been spoken of as Absolute Space. 

Perhaps one more class of relations should be admitted into this elite family. In substantival theories of space, the spatial characteristics of material objects are analyzed in terms of their relations to a special entity, space itself An object has a certain shape or size because it occupies a region of space having that shape or size, and a hand (in Kants 1768 view) is left or right in virtue of some relation it stands in to absolute space. Does this view convert the sizes and shapes of material things into mere relations, or does it make relations to space one more species of quality-making relations Fred Dretske (1996, pp. 143-58). This paper was presented at the same conference as Campbelfs paper on radical extemalism, discussed previously. 

CP2 The space is absolute (it is an invariant) TTze absolute space, in its own nature, without regard to anything external, always remains... 

Galilean-Newtonian postulates of space and time, in a single absolute space-time continuum. Therefore, this universal value is also-called the Universe line... 

Thus, the platonic universe is made by forms, particular objects, the absolute space, the Creator God and the brute matter. 

Lulla, Lullius Raimundus (1235-1315) physician and alchemist, devised what he considered an infallible method of proving faith and reason, invented mechanical device ( ars magna ) which combined subjects predicated of propositions thus producing valid conclusions Mach Ernst (1838 1916) Aust. phil. and phys., known for his discussion of Newton s Principia and critique of conceptual monstrosity of an absolute space ( The Science of Mechanics 1883) Maciejewski Marek( 9AQ-) Pol. chem., inventor of pulse (hyphenated) methods of thermal analysis, expert in heterogeneous kinetics... 

The background Minkowski space can be identified now with an absolute space-time, perhaps unobservable as we are immersed in the deformable continuum in which there is no absolute space-time. It then follows that we could treat the index p and a in the... 

---