Abrasion strength

Supporting anti-pilling Non-slip finishes Fluorocarbon finishes, if not too smooth (they may concentrate the anti-pilling products near the fibre surface) Flame retardants (large amounts are often stiffening, crosslinkers reduce the tear and abrasion strength)... 

Costs of adsorption are limited by crushing resistance and abrasive strength of carbons. Losses of carbon may occur either in the filtration or regeneration process. Economical aspects limit losses of regeneration to the range of 2—5%. 

Selection of carbon is also limited by content of ash, absorbability, crushing resistance and abrasive strength, graining, and possibility of r eneration. 

Characterization of moided pieces e.g. Abrasion strength Side pressure resistance Soiubiiity... 

Poly(vinylidene chloride) and its copolymers are very solvent resistant. Consequently, these are used for pipes and filter cloths. In addition, poly(vinylidene chloride) is used for high-abrasive-strength or long-wearing seat covers, noninflammable hair for dolls, and mothballs for the covering of battleships, planes, etc. 

However, in the industrial applications, the prereduced catalyst will again be reduced to eliminate the oxide film formed during passivation process. The above-mentioned abrasion strength which mainly depends on the oxide film thickness and the combining capacity with the matrix metals cannot truly represent that of the prereduced catalj t in the industrial reactors. 

The effect of Fe +/Fe + on the abrasion strength of pre-reduced catalysts is very small. Irrespective of the value or quantum of the Fe +/Fe + before reduction, they will all become a-Fe after reduction, and form an oxide film through passivation. 

The abrasion strength of pre-reduced catalysts is determined by the thickness of this oxide film. 

The abrasion strength of the pre-reduction catalyst is related to the degree of passivation the degree of passivation is defined as the ratio of the amount of oxygen (oxide film) in the pre-reduced catalyst to that in the iron oxides in the oxidized... 

Fig. 8.43 Influence of promoter on the abrasion strength of the pre-reduced Fei xO-based cataiysts...

Table 8.38 Abrasion strength of pre-rednced catalyst measured ...

A standard value for the minimum abrasion strength (that is, the abrasion rate) of the fused iron ammonia synthesis catalyst has been proposed to be less than 4.0% under the standard experimental conditions of ASTM. It can be seen from Table 8.38 that the abrasion rate of ZA-5H is 3.30%, which is better than that of... 

Abr. Abrasive strength Tested with an eraser with o 1 kg load over the film 50 times. 

For process engineering purposes, the type of reactor needed for a specific reaction usually determines the shape and texture of catalytic solid materials, which in turn, may influence inter- and intra-particle transport phenomena effecting catalyst performance. Most frequently, packed-fixed-bed, fiuidized-bed, slurry-phase, and membrane reactors are used, which require different particle and pore sizes, shapes, specific surface areas, crushing and abrasion strengths (e.g. pellets, extrudates, spherical and granular particles, powders). Although these aspects play a vital role in the final preparation process for use of the catalysts in a pilot plant and later on in a commercial process plant, they are not discussed in this monograph, which focuses on the catalytic performance of a... 

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