Aberic acid

Thiamine was discovered by Japanese scientist Suzuki Umetaro (1874-1943) in the early twentieth century. Umetaro was investigating a disease known as beriberi that had plagued humans for thousands of years. He found that the disease could be cured by feeding patients a diet that contained rice bran. He was also able to isolate a specific compound in rice bran that produced that effect, a compound he named aberic acid. Aberic acid later became known as thiamine. 

In 1896, Dutch physician Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930) found that animals developed beriberi only if they ate polished rice—rice from which hulls had been removed. He learned that the animals recovered if they ate rice with hulls still on it. His colleague Gerrit Grijins (1865-1944) believed that the rice hulls contained some substance that prevented beriberi. By 1910, Umetaro had found that substance, aberic acid. 

Beriberi is a nutritional deficiency that is generated by the lack of vitamin Bi, a pyrimidine derivative. Beriberi was a disease of unknown origin in former times and was recognized as a particularly horrible disease, because it sometimes caused death by cardiopathy. In 1910, at the conference of Tokyo Chemical Association, Dr U. Suzuki reported obtaining a substance finm rice bran named aberic acid, which meant that it acted against beriberi. 

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N deposition can stimulate N mineralization and nitrification, at least initially, in soils (McNulty and Aber 1993 McNulty et al. 1996b Kjpnaas et al. 1998). However, long-term studies suggest that N mineralization rates can eventually decline in response to N deposition, whereas nitrification rates can continue to increase or remain elevated above initial conditions (Magill et al. 2004). Increases in nitrification have important implications for soil acid-base relations, the availability of other nutrient ions to forest plants, and nitrogen outputs to the drainage water and the atmosphere (above). 

Later analyses showed that the substance had this formula, and Bunsen adopted the proposal of Berzelius that it should be named Kakodyloxyd (cacodyl oxide), from KaKa>8rj9y stinking, and regarded as the oxide of a radical cacodyl C4Hi2As2 = Kd (Berzelius, with reasons, used Kk). By the action of concentrated acids on cacodyl oxide, Bunsen prepared the chloride, iodide, and fluoride of cacodyl, and the cyanide, diese schone aber beispiellos giftige Verbindung by the same method, but more conveniently by distilling cacodyl oxide and mercuric cyanide. He also prepared cacodyl sulphide and selenide. 

Benzoyl hydride (oil of bitter almonds) is composed of (14C + loH +2O) +2H. By the action of chlorine, 2 atoms of hydrogen combine with 2 atoms of chlorine to hydrochloric acid, which escapes. In the place of this hydrogen, however, 2 atoms of chlorine enter, according to the following formula (14C + loH+2O)+2CI (An die Stelle dieses Wasserstoffs aber treten 2 At. Chlor, nach folgender Formel). With the... 

McGale, E. H. F., Pye, I. F., Stonier, C., Hutchinson, E. C., and Aber, G. M., 1977, Studies of the interrelationship between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma amino acid concentrations in normal individuals, / Neurochem. 29 291-297. 

A mixture of dry hippuric acid, anhydrous methanol, dry Dowex 50W-X8 (H-form) exchanger, and Drierite (CaS04) stirred 2 hrs. at room temp, in a sealed flask, stored 3 days with occasional shaking, dry NHg passed 10 min. into the ice-cooled methanolic soln. of the resulting methyl ester, allowed to stand 12 hrs. at room temp, in a sealed flask, cooling and passage of NHj repeated, followed by 2 days storage at room temp. hippuric amide. Y 80%. F. e. s. J. L. Aber-nethy et al.. Tetrahedron 31, 2659 (1975). 

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