Ab initio multiple spawning

The Gaussian wavepacket based spawning method, mentioned above, has also been used in direct dynamics where it is called ab initio multiple spawning... 

Most of the AIMD simulations described in the literature have assumed that Newtonian dynamics was sufficient for the nuclei. While this is often justified, there are important cases where the quantum mechanical nature of the nuclei is crucial for even a qualitative understanding. For example, tunneling is intrinsically quantum mechanical and can be important in chemistry involving proton transfer. A second area where nuclei must be described quantum mechanically is when the BOA breaks down, as is always the case when multiple coupled electronic states participate in chemistry. In particular, photochemical processes are often dominated by conical intersections [14,15], where two electronic states are exactly degenerate and the BOA fails. In this chapter, we discuss our recent development of the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method which solves the elecronic and nuclear Schrodinger equations simultaneously this makes AIMD approaches applicable for problems where quantum mechanical effects of both electrons and nuclei are important. We present an overview of what has been achieved, and make a special effort to point out areas where further improvements can be made. Theoretical aspects of the AIMS method are... 

II electronic states, 634-640 theoretical background, 625-626 triatomic molecules, 611-615 pragmatic models, 620-621 Ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) conical intersection location, 491-492 direct molecular dynamics, 411-414 theoretical background, 360-361 Adiabatic approximation geometric phase theory ... 

Localized molecular orbital/generalized valence bond (LMO/GVB) method, direct molecular dynamics, ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS), 413-414 Longuet-Higgins phase-change rule conical intersections ... 

Multiple spawning, direct molecular dynamics ab initio multiple spawning, 411-414 non-adiabatic coupling, 399-402 Multivalued matrix elements, non-adiabatic coupling ... 

M. Ben-Nun, J. Quenneville, and T. J. Martinez (2000) Ab initio multiple spawning Photochemistry from first principles quantum molecular dynamics. J. Phys. Chem. A 104, p. 5161... 

Virshup AM, Punwong C, Pogorelov TV, Lindquist BA, Ko C, Martinez TJ (2009) Photodynamics in complex environments ab initio multiple spawning quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical dynamics. J Phys Chem B 113 3280-3291... 

Ben Nun, M., Quenneville, J., Martinez, T. J., Ab Initio Multiple Spawning Photochemistry from first Principles Quantum Molecular Dynamics, J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 5161 5175. 

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