A Saturated systems

This may be described in molecular orbital terms as interaction of a-electrons in C—F with low-lying o- -orbitals in the other C—F bonds. 

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The formation of the (X-delocalized norbornyl cation via ionization of 2-norbornyl precusors in low-nucleophilicity, superacidic media, as mentioned, can be considered an analog of an intramolecnlar Friedel-Crafts alkylation in a saturated system. Indeed, deprotonation gives nortricyclane,... 

Proximal tubular secretion is an energy-dependent active-transport mechanism. Specific high-affinity proteins in the proximal tubule transport drugs into the tubule for elimination via the urine. These proteins can also remove acidic and basic drugs from plasma protein-binding sites and transport them into the tubule. Since it is carrier-mediated, this mechanism is a saturable system. Therefore, other drugs may also compete for transport where similar carriers are employed. 

Acipimox is poorly metabolised. Niacin undergoes saturable first-pass metabolism and is then further extensively metabolised by the liver by a saturable system [19]. 

Not unexpectedly the systems that have received the most attention are derivatives of cyclohexane containing a silicon or phosphorus heteroatom. Although cyclohexane is a saturated system, the results of these studies should provide insight for future work on unsaturated systems. Until future studies provide data to the contrary, it will be assumed that Si provides the model for Group IV heteroatom behavior and P a model for Group V behavior. The first aspects to be considered are associated with ground-state geometry and substituent preference. 

G21. Graf, R. J., Halter, J. B., and Porte, D., Glycosylated hemoglobin in normal subjects and subjects with maturity-onset diabetes. Evidence for a saturable system in man. Diabetes 27, 834-839 (1978). 

Another question we may ask in connection with PS is why saturated chains are insulating (if holes can be created in a o chain). Doping has to be carried out in any case, so what is the difference between carriers in a jt-system and carriers in a saturated system Very likely, the difference lies in the delocalization of the carriers that... 

As pointed out in Chapter 3 the exact details of reduction of alkenes in the presence of catalysts are unclear. Further, just as oxidation can be considered as addition of oxygen to the double bond so reduction can be thought of as addition of hydrogen to an alkene. Overall, of course, the process is one that converts an unsaturated to a saturated system (with one equivalent of H2 being consumed for every site of unsaturation—double bond or ring). 

Overall, p-carborane interacts with the linking group L in a way similar to a saturated system such as cyclohexane. As a consequence, the choice of the linking group L has a relatively small impact on mesogenic properties of the compound. However, the bulk of the /7-carborane diminishes the effectiveness of the carboxamide group in stabilization of the mesophases by obstructing the formation of the intermolecular H-bonds. 

Suppose that starting with a saturated system a = 1 a supersaturation is developed. If the rate of development is sufficiently slow the distribution... 

Suppose now that the rate of development of supersaturation is very rapid. Start with a saturated system a = 1 and suddenly create a supersaturation, say a = 4. The distribution of sizes that was characteristic of the saturated state has to alter and readjust itself to a new distribution that is characteristic of the supersaturated state. 

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