A graphic representation

The x-axis. This is the concentration of carbon dioxide in physical solution. There are two numerical scales. By Henry s law, in a dilute solution, the concentration of a gas in physical solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas at a given temperature. The constant of proportionality is the solubility coefficient of the gas. For carbon dioxide, this gives the relation  

The y-axis. This is simply the bicarbonate concentration in mM. It is instructive to consider some particular points on the graph. 

Construction of lines joining points of equal [H ] (also called isohydric contours or iso-pH lines). 

Point C. For this, the PCO2 is doubled but the [HCO3 ] is kept constant. The result, from equation I, is that the hydrogen ion concentration is doubled. 

So point C has [H ] = 80 nM. A second straight line joining points with this [H l is constructed and labelled with this 

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The second-order rate law for bimolecular reactions is empirically well confinned. Figure A3.4.3 shows the example of methyl radical recombination (equation (A3.4.36)) in a graphical representation following equation (A3.4.38) [22, 23 and 24]. For this example the bimolecular rate constant is... 

The number of discrete points of /cicc( ) determines the resolution of the chirality code is a smoothing factor which in practice controls the width of the peaks obtained by a graphical representation versus u. An example of a chir-... 

Decision trees give a graphical representation of a procedure for classification. They consist of nodes and branches the leaf nodes give the classification of an instance. 

A graphical representation of this process is shown in Figure 2.16. 

Mass spectrum. A spectrum obtained when ions (usually in a beam) are separated according to the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of the ionic species present. The mass-spectrum plot is a graphical representation of m/z versus measured abundance information. 

Particulate systems composed of identical particles are extremely rare. It is therefore usefiil to represent a polydispersion of particles as sets of successive size intervals, containing information on the number of particle, length, surface area, or mass. The entire size range, which can span up to several orders of magnitude, can be covered with a relatively small number of intervals. This data set is usually tabulated and transformed into a graphical representation. 

The process and instrumentation (P I) diagram provides a graphical representation of the control configuration for the process. The P I diagrams illustrate the measurement devices that provide inputs to the control strategy, the actuators that will implement the results of the control calculations, and the function blocks that provide the control logic. 

Figure 27-10 provides a graphical representation of Eq. (27-32) showing the weight fraction of various products as a function of the chain growth parameter Ot. This figure shows that there is a particular Ot that will maximize the yield of a desired product, such as gasohne or... 

In this equation, all of the terms except y +i and x but including x, are constant. Hence the relationship between and x is linear with a slope of L j(L + D) and a line representing the relationship on a graph of y vs jc must pass tlrrough y = jcd when x — jcd, since tire vapour and the liquid have the same composition in the product. This is called the rectifying operating line in a graphical representation of tire distillation process. 

Figure lb gives a graphical representation of the steps involved in the leap-frog propagation. The current velocity v , which is necessary for calculating the kinetic energy, can be calculated as... 

A graphic representation of the building input data by CABD offers an easy way of checking the geometric input data. 

Static pressure curve A graphical representation of the static pressure and volume flow of a fan at a set speed. 

There are different ways to calculate the theoretical plate count of a column. PSS SEC column plate counts are measured using the so-called half-height method. Figure 9.9 shows a graphic representation of this test. 

The complete packing process is computer monitored and computer controlled. Potential problems in column packing can be seen directly and the affected column is removed from the production cycle. Pig. 9.11 shows a graphic representation of a column packing process by monitoring the packing pressure with time. 

Dose-Response Cune A graphical representation of the quantitative relationship between the administered, applied, or internal dose of a chemical or agent, and a specific biological response to that chemical or agent. 

Figure 11-24 provides a graphical representation of the phase-out of the prominent CFC and HCFC refrigerants and the timing for phasing in the availability of the respective replacements. 

A graphical representation as shown in Figure 19.11. This is drawn in the logarithm-logarithm format and allows a rapid estimate of pressure loss to be expected. Note that this particular chart is in imperial units and is drawn for use with town gas. A correction for specific gravity would be needed for natural gas. 

Also, see Figure 5-9 for a graphical representation of the preliminary results. 

A mass spectrum is a graphic representation of the ions observed by the mass spectrometer over a specified range of m/z values. The output is in the form of an x,y plot in which the x-axis is the mass-to-charge scale and the y-axis is the intensity scale. If an ion is observed at an m/z value, a line is drawn representing the response of the detector to that ionic species. The mass spectrum will contain peaks that represent fragment ions as well as the molecular ion (see Figure 1.3). Interpretation of a mass spectrum identifies, confirms, or determines the quantity of a specific compound. 

Mohr s circle A graphical representation of the stresses acting on the various planes at a given point. 

Figure A2.1 is a graphical representation of the differences (790 — 768) (in Kelvins) or (f9o — t ) (in degrees Celsius) as a function of f9o (in degrees Celsius). The corrections in the region from about 500 to 1000 °C (773 to 1273 K) are seen to be substantial, varying all the way from about +0.35 to -0.20 °C.

A graphical representation of the potential energy surface or reaction coordinate. The transition state occurs at the saddle point. ( Adapted from Ref. 18.)... 

As already described in part 2.3.2 for a set of pairs (R, a) (Fig. 3 a) the remaining geometric variables were optimized in keeping with a symmetry restriction (Fig. 3 b). The energy function E = f(R, a) obtained here in the gas phase is presented in Fig. 4 as a graphic representation of isoenergetic lines above the R-a-plane. Tire points marked by Roman numerals are minimas (educts I products III, IV, V) and the saddle... 

A graphic representation of a iinear i equation is used to evaiuate S50, the... 

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