A description of the experimental system

Condensation of ethanol and water vapour occurred in both the two condensers and the heat exchanger. The condensed ethanol-water 

The feed system consisted of a reservoir, a plunger-type feed pump, a twin-fluid atomising nozzle (giving a round spray of angle 13° in free air) and a mini-compressor. Inert gas for the twin-fluid nozzle was drawn between the outlet of the heat exchanger and the rotameter 

Hayes and co-workers used three types of yeasf pellef  

In an attempt to separate the fermentation of glucose from its propensity to cause agglomeration and quenching, Hayes (1998) used ADY 

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