SEARCH Articles Figures Tables Calcite solubility in an open and a closed system Carbonate Solubility in Open and Closed Systems Carbonate Species Concentrations in Open and Closed Systems Closed versus open microwave systems Comparison of the calcite solubility in an open and a closed system Molar balance in open and closed systems with chemical reaction Open and Closed Carbonate Systems Open system Open-closed ring system Pseudo-steady state and open or closed systems System open and closed Systems, open/closed/isolated The Second Law of Thermodynamics for Closed and Open Systems