SEARCH Articles Figures Tables Mechanisms of Copper-mediated Addition and Substitution Reactions Mechanisms of Substitution Reactions Fred Basolo and Ralph G. Pearson Nucleophilic substitution in phosphate esters, mechanism and catalysis Phosphate esters, mechanism and catalysis of nucleophilic substitution Pressure effects and substitution mechanisms Quantitative approach to mechanisms and reactivity in the case of aromatic substitution. Termination steps Redox Effects, The I Mechanism, and Rearrangements in Substitution Relationship between Stereochemistry and Mechanism of Substitution Some mechanisms of electrophilic and radical substitution reactions Stereochemistry and mechanisms of substitution in phosphates Substitution Effects, Selectivity, and Mechanism