SEARCH Articles Figures Tables Aromatic acids electron-withdrawing effects Effect of Electron Withdrawing Substituents in OsO4 Reactions and Pinacol-Pinacolone Reaction Electron withdrawal Electron withdrawers Electron withdrawing groups substituent effects Electron withdrawing groups, effect aromatic chemical shifts Electron withdrawing groups, effect substitution Electron withdrawing substituent effect Electron withdrawing substituents, effect Electron-withdrawing effect of a phenyl Electron-withdrawing effect of a phenyl group Electron-withdrawing groups effect Electron-withdrawing groups, effect acidity Electron-withdrawing groups, effect nucleophilic substitutions Electron-withdrawing power effect Functional groups electron-withdrawing effects Inductive effects electron-withdrawing Nitro group electron-withdrawing effect Resonance effects electron-withdrawing Substituent effects electron-withdrawing substituents Substituents, electron withdrawing Inductive effects from Substituents, electron withdrawing Mesomeric effects