SEARCH Articles Figures Tables Active Transport against an Electrochemical Potential Gradient Requires Energy Active transport, against electrochemical potential gradient, energy Electric double layer electrochemical gradient Electrochemical gradients concepts Electrochemical gradients neurons Electrochemical potential gradient diffusion Electrochemical potential gradients Electrochemical proton gradient Electrochemical transmembrane potential gradient Electron Transport Creates an Electrochemical Potential Gradient for Protons across the Inner Membrane Electron transport chain electrochemical proton gradient Gradient elution liquid chromatography, electrochemical How to Define the Chemical Composition Gradients Electrochemical and Optical Sensors Membranes electrochemical gradients Mitchell electrochemical gradients Oxidative phosphorylation electrochemical potential gradient Oxidative phosphorylation electrochemical proton gradient Selectivity against Passing Ions or an Electrochemical Gradient Some Transporters Facilitate Diffusion of a Solute down an Electrochemical Potential Gradient Transmembrane Electrochemical Proton Gradients in Chloroplasts