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I In a p-type semiconductor, the addition of electron-deficient dopant atoms provides an acceptor level just above the top of the valence band. Electrons can be promoted into this level, leaving behind vacancies or holes in the valence band.

I In a solid lattice, any given ion has a large number of interactions with other ions, some attractive and others repulsive. This two-dimensional representation of a lattice shows the interactions of the nearest neighbors, second nearest neighbors, and third nearest neighbors.

I In condensation polymerization, a molecule of water is eliminated as each monomer is added to the chain. Here we show the first steps in the formation of Nylon . Both are copolymers, with two different monomer molecules combining to form the polymer. Because each monomer contributes its own functional group to the condensation step, regular alternation of monomers is ensured. Other condensation polymerizations can involve a single monomer with different functional groups on each end.

I In electrolysis, an external source of current drives a redox reaction that would otherwise not be spontaneous. The flow of ions through the solution completes the circuit. Electrolysis is useful for eleetroplating as well as for purifying several metals.

I In the Bohr model, electrons move between allowed orbits when an atom absorbs or emits hght. Important elements of this model, including the idea of fixed orbital paths, are not correct. But it played an essential role in the development of our understanding of atomic stmcture. Note the similarity between this figure and the energy level diagram we used in Example Problem 6.4 both reflect the concept that electrons in atoms are restricted to certain allowed energies.

I in the longer wavelength range than 587 nm, the

I In this sequence of photos, one of the authors prepares aqueous solutions of CUSO4. In the upper left panel, soUd CUSO4—the solute—is transferred to a flask. In the upper right panel, water—the solvent—is added. The flask is shaken to speed the dissolution process . The final photo shows two CUSO4 solutions of different concentrations. The solution on the left has the higher concentration, as seen from its darker color.

I In this simple conceptual picmre of metallic bonding, each metal atom contributes one or more electrons to a mobile electron sea. The ability of the electrons to move freely through this sea allows the metal to conduct electricity. Here the blue area depicts those mobile electrons, and the red circles represent the positively charged cores of the individual atoms.

I includes the N2 adsorption isotherms of the reduced original carbons. All isotherms are of type I as it corresponds to essentially microporous carbons. Increasing activation in CO2 produces a gradual development of microporosity of increasing width, as described in previous work . Carbon RO, prepared by steam activation, exhibits a wider microporosity and a more important mesoporosity contribution than carbon AO, with similar burn-off in COo.

I Inclusion of guest molecules inside a dendritic box II insertion of guest molecules into the dendritic interior.

I incorporating groups with high affinity for ILs including cobaltacenium , as peripheral functionalities on coordinating ligands increases the solubility of transition metal complexes in ILs.

I Increase in reactor feeds,

I increase of pressure with time during an explosion.

I indicates the approach used to synthesize poly. Since potassium alkoxides are strong nucleophiles, they can randomly attack at both the carbonyl carbon and the 3-methylene carbon in lactones,

I indicates the major large-scale trials of statins and their key features are summarized in Table I, The trials can be categorized according to population subgroups in which they have been undertaken

I influence of cations on the properties of TPPTS salts.

I Influence of reaction temperoture .

I influence of selectivity on peak efficiency for different resolution.

I Influence of temperature of co-pyrolysis of pine wood PE mixture liquid

I Influence of the nature of the active phase on the conversion of NO -

I influence of the presence of traces of oxygen on the stability of the catalyst for steam reforming of acetic acid over Pt ZrC 2 catalyst no oxygen present.

I information flow diagram for the complex reaction model equations.

I Infrared spectra of AsFsfg , AsFj

I instrumentation for speciation of Crm and Crvl by wavelength modulation laser AAS in an analytical flame and the corresponding chromatograms obtained for deionized water.

I Insulin synthesis and release from the pancreatic p-ceil. From Ord L,VassalHJ-D, Perrelet AThe insulin factory. SciAm 1988 259



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