Zero bond order

In principle, a total of 4 electrons may be progressively added to the oxygen molecule, eventually resulting in zero bond order — hence the ultimate reduction product is oxide. 

The ions Ne2+ and Ne22+ have non-zero bond orders and would exist, but Ne2 has a bond order of zero and would not exist. 

Assuming the elements in the second period can form homonuclear diatomic molecules, which diatomic molecules should have zero bond order ... 

The appearance of zero bond orders between the iso-coloured vertices has been used in the perturbation theory approach for the calculation of the total Ji-electron energy 48,96,97). for the transformation... 

With its two additional electrons, the MO diagram for Bc2 has filled ct2s and a, . MOs (Figure 11.17B, next page). This is similar to the case of He2. The bond order is (2 — 2) = 0. In keeping with a zero bond order, the ground state of Be2 has never been observed. 

Figure 11.17 Bonding in s-block homo-nuclear diatomic molecules. Only outer (valence) AOs interact enough to form MOs. A, Li2- The two valence electrons from two Li atoms fill the bonding (ct2s) MO, and the antibonding remains empty. With a bond order of 1, U2 does form. B, Be2. The four valence electrons from two Be atoms fill both MOs to give no net stabilization. Ground-state Be2 has a zero bond order and has never been observed.

Stabilization arising from the electron pair in the bonding MO is canceled by the destabilization due to the electron pair in the anti bonding MO. From its zero bond order [j(2 — 2) = 0], we predict, and experiment has so far confirmed, that a covalent He molecule does not exist. 

However, this is too simple because multi-dimensional hypersurfaces occur in fact, X has a non-zero value and E is overestimated. The minimally adequate representation is a two-dimensional surface, as shown in Figure 6.3(b), and for a non-zero bond order in the transition state, = c, thus equation 6.40 is ... 

If we define zero bond order to occur d = tq, i.e. d = 1, an interesting variation with bond order, from unity to the golden ratio, x = 0.61803... is inferred. This variation is reminiscent of the convergence of the ratio Zl A — Z),of protons to neutrons in stable nuclides, that leads to the generalized periodic function of atomic matter [20]. Using this as a cue, the variation of bond length with bond order can be specified as a power series in t. In fact, any power n > 6, with integers jb as coefficients defines bond order b, by d = as shown in Table 2. 

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