Yttrium single crystals

Sokaski, M., 1975, Low Temperature Deformation Characteristics of Yttrium Single Crystals, Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 

Boron phases with formulas MB50, and MB,00 (M = Y, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Tm, Lu, Th and Pu) are the same cubic phase from x-ray powder data , with the Fm3c Sjpace group. Single crystals of yttrium and thorium borides lead to the formula The MB lattice constant data are given in Table 1. 

This method emplosrs a molten flux which dissolves the material and re-deposits it upon a seleeted substrate. That is, the molten flux acts as a transport medium. The temperature of the flux can be varied to suit the material and to promote high solubility of the solute material in the molten solvent. One example is YIG", yttrium iron garnet, i.e.- Y3FesOi2 -This material is used in the Electronics Industry as single crystals for microwave generating devices. It can be grown via the molten flux method. 

The crystal chemistry of BajRC C has been systematically studied by single-crystal and powder diffraction methods with R = La, Pr,... Yb, in addition to the conventional yttrium compound [(52)(53) (54) and references therein]. With the exception of La, Pr, and Tb, the substitution of Y with rare-earth metals has little or no effect on the superconductivity, with the values of Tc ranging from 87 to 95K. Also, a relatively small change is observed in the cell constants of these compounds. The La, Pr, and Tb-substituted materials are not superconductors. A detailed structural analysis of the Pr case (52) did not show any evidence of a superstructure or the presence of other differences with the atomic configuration of the yttrium prototype. 

The structure of Cs yCls has been determined from single crystal data.530 It contains DyCli- octahedra connected by cis corners to form chains, the connecting Dy—Cl—Dy angle being 180°. The heavier lanthanides and yttrium are isostructural. 

The PTC effect is exhibited by specially doped and processed BaTi03. Because the effect is not observed in the single-crystal form of the material its cause must be assumed to lie in processes associated with grain boundaries. Attention here is focused on lanthanum-doped BaTi03 (BLT), although other donor dopants would be satisfactory, e.g. yttrium (A site) or niobium, tantalum or antimony (B site). 

Argonne was the first lab to report the growth, crystal structure, and superconducting transition temperature of a single crystal of the yttrium compounds. The first ones were only 0.3 millimeters long, but they packed a wallop. 

IBM researchers managed that trick in 1987, reporting that they had attained a critical current of over 100,000 amps per square centimeter in a thin film of one of the yttrium mixtures cooled by liquid nitrogen. The experiment was accomplished by growing single crystal samples and large grains of the materials in which the crucial... 

NiO (56) (Section 4.1). The only way to avoid such a calibration apart from extrapolation using a particular shape for f(>e) is to estimate the total spin by integration of the moment density determined by Fourier transformation of single crystal data, which carries its own problems (Section 3.7) as well as being a vastly more time-consuming experiment. This procedure has been carried out (73) however for octahedral and tetrahedral Fe + in yttrium iron garnet (YIG). 

Growth by vapor deposition and oxidation (VDO) of Ce onto a substrate has been used successfully. The simplicity of this approach and its ability to be integrated into UHV systems designed for multiple surface diagnostic methods makes this a common technique for surface studies of chemisorption and surface reaction studies on model catalytic surfaces. Many of the ceria films used in work described below were produced in this way. Ce deposition and oxygen exposure (oxidation) may be performed simultaneously or sequentially. - Single crystal metals (Pt, Cu, Pd, Ni, and Ru ) and oxides, including yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and sapphire, have been used as substrates for this approach. Such films have been... 

D. Vladikova, Z. Stoynov, and L. Ilkov, "Differential Impedance Analysis on Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Yttrium Iron Garnets," Polish Journal of Chemistry, 71 (1997) 1196-1203. 

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies (369) of the derivative [Y(OC2H4OMe)3] 0 showed a centrosymmetric cyclic arrangement of 10 yttrium atoms, each in a seven-coordinate environment (Fig. 56) attaining a pentagonal bipyramidal arrangement. 

Reaction of pyridine with the corresponding fluorenyl(hydrido)yttrium complex [ (3,6-But2Flu)SiR2NBut Y(/r-H)(THF)]2 selectively gave the 1,4-addition product, which was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (Scheme 179).676... 

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