Young toads

In another experiment young toads, Bufo melanostictus weighing 0.03 - 0.22 g, were tested for ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex with Nux 30. Here Nux 30 was prepared with 90% ethanol, pure ethanol, pure water and lactose. The lactose 

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Figure 1. Loss ofRR during anaesthesia with 209 mM ethanol was significantly delayed from 10 min onwards (p<0.005, by x2 test) with young toads treated with Nux vomica 30 CHprepared with 90% ethanol by sonication as compared to the control. Control (o) treated ( ). n=60 in both the test and the control. (Reproduced, with permission, from Sukul et al. Hydrated ethanol, the effective medium for a homeopathic potency as tested by a new toad model. Indian JLandscape Syst Ecol Stud 1997 20 155)...

Toxic to aquatic organisms for example, there was an inhibiting effect of 20-40 ppm aniline on the pigmentation of Xenopus laevis embryos, and of a concentration as low as 1 ppm on the body size of the young toads. Investigation of the death of pine trees in the United States found air pollution from aniline as the most likely causal agent for the needle necrosis and needle abscission. 

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