Yellow gardenia

Gelb-pech, n. yellow pitch. -scheibe, /. (Photog.) yellow filter. -schoten, f.pl. wongshy (pods of Gardenia grandifiora). -stich, m. yellow cast, yellow tinge. 

Ozaki, A. et al., Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components, Eood Chem. Toxicol., 40, 1603, 2002. 

Kamikura, M. and Nakazato, K., Natural yellow colours from gardenia fruit and colours found in commercial gardenia extract analysis of natural yellow colours by high performance liquid chromatography, J. Food Hygiene Soc. Japan, 26, 150,1984. 

Noda, N. et ah. Determination of natural yellow dye from the fruits of gardenia by detecting geniposide, J. Hygenic Chem. (Eisei Kagaku), 29, 7, 1983. 

The geniposides from gardenia were found to have some hepatoxicity due to the aglycone genipin produced by hydrolysis of the geniposides.34 The yellow, green, red, and blue colorants were studied extensively and were found to be safe for human consumption as food colorants.35,36... 

The yellow crocins from gardenia have received some success for the same colorant applications as saffron,37 but the iridoid derivatives have not received the same promotion. The range of colorants available from the same source would seem to make them attractive possibilities. 

Yellow to red Crocin Carotenoid Saffron crocus, Gardenia... 

Fig. 4 Thin-layer chromatograms and visible absorption spectra of the hydrolyzed gardenia yellow extracted from commercial foods under TLC/scanning densitometry. (A) Hydrolyized gardenia yellow standard. (B) Candy containing gardenia yellow and anthocyanin. (C) Crocetin. Plate RP-18 (E. Merck). Solvent system acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-0.1 mol/L oxalic acid (7 8 7). Other conditions see Fig. 1.

As described above, foods that contained caramel or anthocyanins, for which the identification of gardenia yellow was impossible by the analytical method using crocin as an indicator due to the appearance of interfering spots at the same positions as the spots of crocin on the C18 TLC plates, were analyzed by the present method. As shown in Fig. 4 (left), crocetin appeared as a clear spot on the plate, and the shape and Rf value of the spot were in... 

Ozeki, N. Oka, H. Ito, Y. Ueno, E. Goto, T. Hayashi, T. Itakura, Y. Ito, T. Maruyama, T. Tsuruta, M. Miyazawa, T. Matsumoto, H. A reversed-phase thin-layer chromato-graphy/scanning densitometric method for the analysis of gardenia yellow in food using crocetin as an indicator. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 2001, 24, 2849 - 2860. 

Conventional HSCCC has been used for dye separations since the mid-1980s. At that time. Pales et al. [1] separated various methylated homologs and contaminants from a 6-mg portion of the triphenyhnethane dye Methyl Violet 2B (Cl 42535), and Freeman and Willard [2] purified up to 520 mg of azo textile and ink dyes. Later documented applications have been for the colors Sul-forhodamine B (Cl 45100) [3] and Gardenia Yellow [4]. 

H. Qka, Y. Ikai, S. Yamada, J. Hayakawa, K-I. Harada, M. Suzuki, H. Nakazawa, and Y. Ito, Separation of Gardenia Yellow components by highspeed countercurrent chromatography, in Modern Countercurrent Chromatography (W. D. Conway and R. J. Petroski, eds.), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 593 1995, pp. 92-106. 

Gardenia temifolia K. Schum Biembaxa Icter, liver diseases, yellow fever (R) Dilution of mashed roots... 

KATO, Y. Gardenia Yellow. Chap. 4 in Natural Food Colorants. Edit. G. J. Lauro and F. J. Francis. Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, pp. 87-96. 

Gardenia yellow is a yellow color obtained by extracting or hydrolyzing the fruit of the Gardenia augusta MERR. var. gardiflora HORT. with water or ethanol and is widely used for the coloring of noodles, candies, and candied chestnuts. 

Isol. from Gardenia lucida, G. turgida and Dikamali gum. Yellow needles (EtOH). Mp 234°. 

Isol. from roots of Gardenia lucida. Yellow flakes (EtOAc/pet. ether). Mp 179-180°. 

Isol. from roots of Gardenia turgida and lead buds of G. lucida. Yellow needles (MeOH). Mp 164-165°. 

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