Yeast amino acid activating enzymes

With respect to the product, the solid sorbent can be neutral (placebo) or active. In the first case, the sorbent is used only as a carrier for heat-sensitive and otherwise hard-to-dry materials. Liquid bioproducts such as antibiotics, enzymes, yeasts, amino acids, and the Uke, which, when conventionally dried, can lose up to 70% of their biological activity, are typical examples. Sawdust, activated carbon, and ground straw or hay are typical solid carriers. After drying, the solid sorbent is either separated from the product or left as is for further utilization, as it is in the case of fodder antibiotics [17]. Figure 21.4 shows the co- and countercurrent modes of contacting solid carriers with liquid biomaterials in a spray dryer configuration. 

Tissue plasminogen activator 530 amino acids, glycosylated E. coli Yeast Animal cells Acute mycocardial infarct Pulmonary embolism Approved for sale Animal cell culture most effective way of producing active enzyme... 

The results of these efforts show that no method of tRNA recognition is universal.2443 In some cases, e.g., for methionine- or valine-specific tRNAs, the synthetase does not aminoacylate a modified tRNA if the anticodon structure is incorrect. Although the anticodon is 7.5 ran away from the CCA end of the tRNA, the synthetases are large enzymes. Many of them are able to accommodate this large distance between a recognition site and the active site (Fig. 29-9A). For some other tRNAs the anticodon is not involved in recognition 245 For yeast tRNAphe residues in the stem of the dihydrouridine loop and at the upper end of the amino acid acceptor stem seem to be critical.241... 

---