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Y-carboxyglutamate

Hydroxylated amino acids (eg, 4-hydroxyproline, 5-hydroxylysine) and A/-methylated amino acids (eg, /V-methylhistidine) are obtained by the acid hydrolysis of proteins. y-Carboxyglutamic acid occurs as a component of some sections of protein molecules it decarboxylates spontaneously to L-glutamate at low pH. These examples are formed upon the nontranslational modification of protein and are often called secondary protein amino acids... [Pg.269]

Aminoadipic acid y-Carboxyglutamic acid Pyroglutatnic acid Phosphoserine Phospho threonine Phospho tyrosine... [Pg.87]

Anticoagulants. Figure 2 Coumarin (Warfarin) and the vitamin K cycle. Abbreviations glu, glutamate gla, y-carboxyglutamate. (Modified from [2], with permission from Chest.)... [Pg.109]

K Phylloquinone, menaquinones Coenzyme in formation of y-carboxyglutamate in enzymes of blood clotting and bone matrix Impaired blood clotting, hemorrhagic disease... [Pg.482]

Prothrombin and several other proteins of the blood clotting system (Factors VII, IX and X, and proteins C and S) each contain between four and six y-carboxygluta-mate residues which chelate calcium ions and so permit the binding of the blood clotting proteins to membranes. In vitamin K deficiency or in the presence of warfarin, an abnormal precursor of prothrombin (preprothrombin) containing little or no y-carboxyglutamate, and incapable of chelating calcium, is released into the circulation. [Pg.487]

Osteocalcin (bone Gla protein) Contains y-carboxyglutamate residues that bind to hydroxyapatite. Bone-specific. [Pg.548]

Protein S Acts as a cofactor of protein C both proteins contain Gla (y-carboxyglutamate) residues. [Pg.600]

Factor XIa in the presence of activates factor IX (55 kDa, a zymogen containing vitamin K-dependent y-carboxyglutamate [Gla] residues see Chapter 45), to the serine protease, factor IXa. This in turn cleaves an Arg-Ile bond in factor X (56 kDa) to produce the two-chain serine protease, factor Xa. This latter reaction requires the assembly of components, called the tenase... [Pg.600]

Figure 2.11 y-Carboxylation of glutamate residues (Glu) yields y-carboxyglutamate (Gla), whereas (3-hydroxy lation of aspartate (Asp) yields (3-hydroxyaspartate (Hya) and (3-hydroxylation of asparagine (Asn) yields 3-hydroxyasparagine (Hyn)... [Pg.34]

Prothrombin (factor II) is a 582 amino acid, 72.5 kDa glycoprotein, which represents the circulating zymogen of thrombin (Ha). It contains up to six y-carboxyglutamate residues towards its N-terminal end, via which it binds several Ca2+ ions. Binding of Ca2+ facilitates prothrombin binding to factor Xa at the site of vascular injury. The factor Xa complex then proteolytically... [Pg.332]

Asp-M Monodentate Asp-M Bidentate, chelating Asp-M Bidentate, bridging y-Carboxyglutamate... [Pg.28]

Figure 3.1 Principal protein amino acid side-chain metal-ion binding modes (the metal ion represented as a dark filled circle) and (right) the structure of the Ca2+-binding y-carboxyglutamate found in proteins of the blood-clotting cascade. Figure 3.1 Principal protein amino acid side-chain metal-ion binding modes (the metal ion represented as a dark filled circle) and (right) the structure of the Ca2+-binding y-carboxyglutamate found in proteins of the blood-clotting cascade.
Vitamin K is a component of the carboxylase enzyme that carboxylates the amino acid glutamate in proteins to form y-carboxyglutamate, which binds calcium ions i.e. it catalyses a post-transcriptional modification. Proteins so carboxylated include clotting factors (Factors 11, Vll, IX, and X) and two proteins in bone oesteocalcin (known as matrix-gln-protein) and bone gin protein (BGP). The... [Pg.344]

The mechanism of action of warfarin becomes apparent from the molecular details of the blood clotting process. The clotting factors VII, IX, and X require Ca ions for maximum activity. These proteins possess a novel amino acid which binds Ca ions. It is a modified form of the amino acid glutamate, as y-carboxyglutamate (Gla) which possesses two... [Pg.378]

C2 domains, 46 460-465 y-carboxyglutamic acid sites, 46 465 70 Calcium nitrate, preparation of, 6 125 Calcium pentaphosphate, 4 37-38 Calcium phthalocyanine, preparation of, 7 ... [Pg.36]


See other pages where Y-carboxyglutamate is mentioned: [Pg.86]    [Pg.382]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.600]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.278]    [Pg.295]    [Pg.308]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.33]    [Pg.331]    [Pg.345]    [Pg.16]    [Pg.28]    [Pg.177]    [Pg.198]    [Pg.35]    [Pg.291]    [Pg.700]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.40]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.359]    [Pg.361]   
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Proteins y-carboxyglutamate residues

Y-Carboxyglutamate binding of calcium ions

Y-carboxyglutamic acid

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