Writing, examination

The functional activity specifications give rise to detailed assumptions that are measurable. For example, an assumption about market share will lead to sub-assumptions about sales per customer and number of customers. The number of customers would, in turn, drive assumptions about distribution channels and inventory levels. In this step, discovery-driven planning provides an important discipline. Assumptions must be reduced to writing, examined for realism, and then measured as the venture unfolds. 

Should you memorize Woodward s rules Frankly, we think not—although there are those who strongly disagree, and some of these people write examination questions. These rules were an important part of structure determination but are restricted in utility to relatively simple polyenes. You should know they exist, know what systems they apply to, and look them up when you need them. If you wind up in steroid research, you ll learn them. 

One of the most striking features of Fig. 2.10 is the change of slope. Let us begin our discussion of this feature by examining the slopes of the linear portions of these lines on either side of the break. Representing the equation of a straight line by y = ax -i- b, we can write an empirical equation for the phenomena shown in Fig. 2.10 as... 

Now the constant A can be eliminated from Eq. (4.59) by examining the ratio of two values of r with two different values of f (subscripts 1 and 2), remembering that B is a constant. In this case, we write... 

Simplifying this result involves the same infinite series that we examined in connection with Eq. (5.27) therefore we can write immediately... 

In the United States, there is no national qualifying or licensing body for pharmacists. Licensure requirements are promulgated by State boards of pharmacy that administer examinations, issue internship requirements, and oversee the practice of pharmacy. The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy serves the collective needs of the state boards. This organisation has no Hcensure authority. However, it has developed a standardized Hcensure examination (NABPLEX), which as of this writing (ca 1995) is used by 48 states (see Licensing). 

Examine the processing equipment to determine what processing capabilities are possible, and write phases to accomphsh each possible processing capability. 

If your eompany is working under a HASP developed by someone outside your eompany, there are other eonsiderations that should be examined. If you review the HASP and you do not feel that a eertain seetion applies to your operation, you should make sure that you doe-ument this exeeption in writing. Keep the doeumentation on file at the site and keep a baekup at another loeation. It is important to keep this doeumentation on file and to eommunieate the ehanges so that all site personnel understand their safety obligations. 

The advantage of writing the tran forriTation eqi tions in the form of Equation (2.98) is that parts of Q.,., Q.,2, Q22. and Qgg are then obviously invariant under rotations about the z-axis (perpendicular to the lamina). This concept of invariance is useful when examining the prospect of orienting a lamina at various angles to achieve a certain stiffness profile. For example,... 

A more interesting possibility, one that has attracted much attention, is that the activation parameters may be temperature dependent. In Chapter 5 we saw that theoiy predicts that the preexponential factor contains the quantity T", where n = 5 according to collision theory, and n = 1 according to the transition state theory. In view of the uncertainty associated with estimation of the preexponential factor, it is not possible to distinguish between these theories on the basis of the observed temperature dependence, yet we have the possibility of a source of curvature. Nevertheless, the exponential term in the Arrhenius equation dominates the temperature behavior. From Eq. (6-4), we may examine this in terms either of or A//. By analogy with equilibrium thermodynamics, we write... 

Display and examine electrostatic potential maps for ethyl cation, 2-propyl cation and 2-methyl-2-propyl cation. Which cation shows the greatest localization of positive charge If you find that the methyl groups delocalize the positive charge, where does the charge go Write resonance contributors for the three cations to rationalize your conclusion. (Note You may need to draw resonance contributors that contain a CC double bond and are missing a CH bond see also Chapter 7, Problem 8.)... 

Examine the geometry and atomic charges of 2-pyridone to see if it is localized as indicated in the drawing above, or delocalized (as in 2-hydroxypyridine). If you need to, write alternative Lewis structures to that provided above. How many n electrons does 2-pyridone possess Is 2-pyridone aromatic ... 

Examine DNA. How many base pairs does it contain Starting from one end, write down the sequence of bases in one strand. Write down the sequence in the complementary strand. Is this a proper DNA fragment, or does it contain base-pair mismatches ... 

Aer case, the invariant physical property has to be the same before and after jl sformation. Pople and coworkers proceeded to examine the consequences jtjje context of the all valence electron NDO models. I write NDO rather than ho because the more sophisticated of these models retain many two-electron (ggrals that would be set to zero under the ZDO prescription. 

A similar activity is found in Mendeleevs first attempt at a periodic system as presented in a hand-written table. If one examines the calculations that he is carrying out one finds again an attempt to compute differences between the atomic weights of elements in the columns of his table. For example Mendeleev writes the number 27 in smaller writing below the symbols for potassium (Zn - K = 65 - 39 = 27) and again below rubidium (Cd-Rb = 112-85 = 27). 

Exercise 3.6. Write a program that evaluates ex, e2, and Hl2 for the SN2 reaction ClCl-Cl- - Cl-C Cl-, neglecting the hydrogens on the carbon so that the 6 term in eq. (3.26) is not needed. Also, neglect the Uind term. Next, surround this solute system by 20 dipoles and simulate the resulting solute + solvent system with the potential U = s 1 (examine the distances between the three atoms during the simulation). 

We can show that the thermodynamic and statistical entropies are equivalent by examining the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas. We have seen that the thermodynamic entropy of an ideal gas increases when it expands isothermally (Eq. 3). If we suppose that the number of microstates available to a single molecule is proportional to the volume available to it, we can write W = constant X V. For N molecules, the number of microstates is proportional to the Nth power of the volume ... 

A student wrote the formula I IN instead of Nil, on in examination by mistake, (a) Write the name and Lewis structure of the compound corresponding to the formula the student wrote (the N atoms are connected in a chain and the... 

It is illuminating to examine the energetics of the chemical ionization processes in normal paraffins even though approximate energy values must be used. For n-octadecane we write the following thermochemical relations ... 

For a thorough understanding of stereochemistry, it is useful to examine molecular models (like those depicted in Fig. 4.1). However, this is not feasible when writing on paper or a blackboard. In 1891, Emil Fischer greatly served the interests of chemistry by inventing the Fischer projection, a method of representing tetrahedral carbon atoms on paper. By this convention, the model is held so that the two bonds in front of the paper are horizontal and those behind the paper are vertical. 

---