WRC Bulletin

Reprinted from The Use of Quenched and Tempered 2% CM Mo Steel for Thick Wall Reactor Vessels in Petroleum Refinery Processes An Interpretive Review of 25 Years of Research and Application, WRC Bulletin 275, February 1982, Weldihg Research Council, New York, NY.)... 

Method 2 utilizes the local load analysis developed by Bijlaard in the 1950s, which was further refined and described in the WRC Bulletin 107. This procedure uses the principles of flexible load surfaces. This procedure is more accurate, but more mathematically rigorous as well. 

Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells Due to External Loadings, WRC Bulletin 107, 3rd revised printing, April 1972,... 

Other methods are also available for analyzing stresses due to local loads, and several have been included herein. It should be noted that the methods utilized in WRC Bulletin 107 have not been included here in their entirety. The technique has been simplified for ease of application. For more rigorous applications, the reader is referred to this excellent source. 

Since this book applies to thin-walled vessels only, the detail included in WRC Bulletin 107 is not warranted. No distinction has been made between the inside and outside surfaces of the vessel at local attachments. For vessels in the thick-wall category, these criteria would be inadequate. 

Dodge comments on this method in WRC Bulletin 198 Although the equivalent moment of inertia procedure is simple and direct, it was not derived by any mathematical or logical reasoning which would allow the designer to rationalize the accuracy of the results. ... 

W. W. Sanders, Jr., Fatigue Behavior of Aluminum Alloy Weldments, WRC Bulletin 171, Welding Research Council, New York (1972). 

Van Der Sluys W A, et al. (2000), Fracture Toughness Master Curve Development Fracture Toughness of Ferritic Steels and ASTM Reference Temperature (To), WRC Bulletin 457, December, Welding Research Council, New York. 

This method shown below is referenced in ASME Code, Section II, Part D, Para 3-500(a) (3) which in turn refers to WRC Bulletin 443. The procedure is as follows ... 

Lor convenience, the loads are considered as acting on a rigid cylindrical attachment of radius ro. This will yield approximate results for hollow attachments. Lor more accurate results for hollow attachments, consult WRC Bulletin 107 [11]. 

Treseder, R. S., Influence of Yield Strength on Anodic Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Weldable Carbon and Low Alloy Steels with Yield Strengths Below 100 ksi, WRC Bulletin, Vol. 243, November 1978, pp. 27-33. 

Figure 11.24 Computation sheet for hollow attachment to spherical shell. (Courtesy Welding Research Council, WRC Bulletin 107, August 1965.)...

Leven, M. M., Photoelastic Determination of the Stresses at Oblique Openings in Plates and Shells," WRC Bulletin No. 153, Welding Research Council, New York, August 1970. 

Maxwell, R. L., and R. W. Holland, Collapse Test of a Thin-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessel with Radially Attached Nozzle, WRC Bulletin No. 230, Welding Research Council, New York, September 1977. 

Rodabaugh, E. C., Review of Service Experience and Test Data on Openings in Pressure Vessels with Non-Integral Reinforcing, WRC Bulletin No. 166, Welding Research Council, New York, October 1971. 

Schroeder, J., K. R. Siinivasaiah, and F. Graham, Analysis of Test Data on Branch Connections Exposed to Internal Pressure and/or External Couples, WRC Bulletin No. 200, Welding Research Council, New York, November 1974. 

Example 11.16. For the cylindrical shell given in Example 11.15, determine the stresses due to internal pressure and applied external loading by die method in WRC Bulletin 107. 

Eringen, A. C, A. K. Naghdi, S. S. Mahmood, C. C. Thiel, andT. Ariman, Stress Concentrations in Two Normally Intersecting Cylindrical Shells Subject to Internal Pressure, WRC Bulletin No. 139, Welding Research Council, New York, April 1969. 

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