Wire length reduction

Design Longest wirelength (2-D) Longest wirelength (2.5-D) Reduction 

Since the nets with large fan-out number will shrink by a constant factor and do not affect system performance directly, we only consider nets with less than 15 pins in the following discussion. In the results reported in the rest of this paper, 

Design Total wire length (2-D) Total wire length (2.5-D) Reduction Longest wire length (2-D) Longest wire length (2.5-D) Reduction 

Wire Length Distribution otgolem3( 100k Gates) Number of wires 

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Figure 6.3 Wire length reductions vs. vertical partitioning...

Table 6.2 Worst-case wire length reduction for nets with large fan-out...

Total Wire Length Reduction ill 2.5-D Placement Worst-Case Wire Length Reduction in 2.5-D Placement... 

Figure 6.6 Wire length reductions of standard cell placement...

CAD tools to find a more efficient packing of circuits according to their inherent topology. Thus, a systematic reduction in the on-chip wire length can be expected, which can be translated into speed gain, power saving, and many other advantages. 

In Table 6.5 and Fig. 6.11, we list the wire length comparison between 2-D and 2.5-D mixed placements. We observe 21.2% and 28.9% reductions in total wire length and worst-case length, respectively. 

Table 2.5 illustrates the most important result of increased connectivity per layer a reduction in the number of signal layers needed to provide the same wiring density W. Table 2.5 was constructed by applying connectivity data from Table 2.4 to a 50-in MLB with total wiring length of 10,000 in. Note also that the layer count in Table 2.4 has been brought up to the next higher full-layer value, i.e., the calculated 1.4 layers have been recorded as 2 layers. 

Strain Relaxation in Quantum Wires and Etched Quantum Dots In the fabrication of etched quantum wires and quantum dots, the strain caused by lattice mismatch in MBE-grown layers is partially reduced by the etching process. At the lateral surfaces of these structures, a possibility exists for the strained lattice to relax. Therefore, the amount of the total relaxation depends on the ratio of the relaxed wire edges to the total volume of the wire. Thus, for a reduction of the wire dimensions, like the reduction of the wire width or the wire length, a reduction of the total amount of the strain is possible. The wire edges can relax, whereas the wire center remains strained. 

Another way of arranging the intramolecular transmembrane electron transfer is to use the so called molecular wires, i.e. molecules with the electron conduction chain of conjugated bonds, redox active polar terminal groups and the length sufficient to span across the membrane. Such molecules can in principle provide for electron transfer from the externally added or photogenerated reductant across the membrane to the oxidant. This mechanism was suggested [41, 94] to explain the action of carotene-containing System 1 and 38 of Table 1. However, as it was shown later, the transmembrane PET in these systems proceeded also without carotene. 

The experimental and data reduction procedures are essentially the same as for the static cell experiments. The gas temperature is obtained using a fine wire, radiation-corrected thermocouple. The cold mixing layer at each flame boundary is accounted for by using an effective pathlength (8.0 - 8.2 cm, depending on the fuel-air equivalence ratio) which differs slightly from the actual burner length of 8.6 cm. Fuel-air equivalence ratios of... 

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