Winsor equilibria, emulsification failure

Winsor also introduced the convenient and popular classification of Winsor I , Winsor IF and Winsor III phase equilibria which are widely found in the literature. Winsor III means that three fluids are in thermodynamic equilibrium, while the other two denominations represent the symmetric cases of emulsification failure Winsor I refers to the case where the excess phase is mainly oil, while Winsor II is that where mainly water is rejected. If the microstructure is made up of isolated droplets, a general assumption - necessary for Bancroft s rule to hold - is made such that the fluid inside the droplets is of similar composition to that of the excess bulk. However, bicontinuous microstructures have been demonstrated to exist whether in Winsor I, Winsor II or Winsor III regimes (10). 

The Winsor I and Winsor II equilibria (emulsification failure) results from a finite swelling of droplets, and correspond to saturated solutions in equilibrium with excess solubilizate. In the Winsor III equilibrium, the (middle-phase) microemulsion has a bicontinuous structure. Similar to the Winsor I and II equilibria, the three-phase equilibrium can be considered as a finite swelling of the bicontinuous microstructure. The three-phase triangle forms from critical end-points, on the water-rich and one on the oil-rich side. The onset of three phase equilibria appears to be correlated with a micellar to bicontinuous structural transition in the microemulsion phase. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ , , , ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ , , , ]

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