Wide-angle x-ray scattering pattern

Fig. 52. Selected wide angle X-ray scattering patterns during heating of polypropylene indicating the p- -transition (a) and the melting (b)...

Figure 6. Wide-angle x-ray scattering patterns of polytetraoxane. (A) Sample PTEOX-80 by radiation initiation (B) Sample PTEOX-5P by plasma initiation and (C) Sample PTEOX-83P by plasma initiation.

Fig. 1.12 Wide-angle X-ray scattering pattern for poly s-capralactone obtained at room temperature using a transmission X-ray diffractometer. The inset illustrates how the total scattering (points) can be decomposed into crystalline (full lines) and amorphous (broken line) components. The dotted line represents the sum of the crystalline and amorphous components.

Fig. 40. Change of the wide-angle X-ray scattering pattern of c s-polyacetylene during a reaction with iodine vapour at room temperature. The progression of the reaction is indicated by the appearance of a characteristic 0.8 nm reflection. The strong peak at the right side is caused by a semitransparent beam stop...

Figure 5.11 Time-dependent wide-angle X-ray scattering pattern taken for LLDPE(2) in the isothermal crystallization process.

Figure 2.3 Small-and wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns of pure Q4C2 at different temperatures.

Fig. 9.12. Wide angle X-ray scattering patterns produced by correlations between molecules in the plane of the layers, (a) The diffuse ring of a smectic A phase, characteristic of short range correlations, (b) Appearance of six diffuse traces in the case of a hexatic smectic phase. Intensity modulation is characteristic of long range bond order (i.e. a subtle orientational order), whereas the diffuse nature of the traces indicates liquid-type long range order...

Equatorial and meridional scans of the wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns of the as-spun CPE-1 fibers are shown in Figure 6. This X-ray pattern shows a weU-pronounced broad halo at diffraction angles of 10°-35° and two weak diffuse maxima at 2 =5°-9° and 12°-16° (Figure 6a). On the meridian, one can distinguish three narrow and well-defined Bragg reflections (20=14.20°, 28.67°, and 43.63°) that are associated with different orders of one reflection and which are located on the second. 

Figure 11.3. (a) Wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns of PP/PET blends after extrusion, (b) after drawing, (c) after compression molding at 180°C, (d) as well as biaxially oriented PP film (for comparison)... 

The occurrence of the described chemical changes and of physical transformations in the matrix is repeatedly proved by various techniques. For instance, in the wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns of MFCs based on PET and PAG, after prolonged treatment (25 h) at a relatively high temperature (240 °C) at which PAG is in the molten state, one can see that PAG does not crystallize upon cooling, in contrast to the case of shorter annealing for 4-5 h. 

Wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns were collected using an URD 63 diffractometer (FPM-Seifert, Germaity), which was equipped with a scintillation detector. Ni-filtered Cn Ka radiation of wavelength 1.5418 A was used, and the machine was operated in transmission mode. The connting time and the angular increment in data collection were 5 s and 0.05° (20), respectively. 

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