White lead middle ages

NS (general population) Cardiovascular Increased systolic pressure by 1-2 mm Hg and increased diastolic pressure by 1.4 mm Hg with every doubling in blood lead level effect most prominent in middle-aged white men 7-38 Coate and Fowles 1989 Harlan 1988 Harlan et al. 1988 Landis and Flegal 1988 Pirkle et al. 1985 Schwartz 1988 Proctor et al. 1996... 

When we come to 13th-century Europe we find Albertus Magnus among a distinguished selection of alchemists. He was one of the greatest scholars and teachers of the Middle Ages, and as recently as 1932 was canonized as a Catholic saint. Among his many works were treatises on alchemy, and he was the first to describe the chemical composition of such substances as cinnabar, white lead, and minium. 

In the Middle Ages chemical warfare took a new turn with the invention of gunpowder. Artillery and firearms played a big role in the battlefield. More sophisticated devices based on arsenic, white and red lead, antimony and verdigris (poisonous copper acetate) often mixed with aconite, belladonna, nux vomica and euphorbia were developed. In the latter period during the nineteenth century several other types of substances were applied into the warfare. Such chemicals included certain methyl arsenic compounds, such as. 

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