White blood cells, implications

Hematologic manifestations of hypophosphatemia include decreased levels of 2,3-DPG, decreased red blood cell ATP, and membrane rigidity. When red blood cell ATP decreases to below 15% of normal, cells become spherocytic and rigid, and are trapped and destroyed in the spleen. Therefore hemolysis may be a manifestation of severe hypophosphatemia. Reduction in ATP content of white blood cells may result in mobility, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bactericidal dysfunction. These changes may contribute to an increased risk of infection in hypophosphatemic patients. Animal studies also demonstrate platelet abnormalities in the setting of hypophosphatemia. The implications of hypophosphatemia for human platelet function, however, have not been determined. 

A malignant condition, a blood cancer, wherein there is uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells, leukocytes. These are produced in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph tissues. Blood concentrations of leukocytes may increase a hundredfold. There are several forms of the disease, the exact causative factors of which are unknown. However, excessive radiation, certain chemicals, heredity, and hormonal abnormalities have been implicated. New techniques employed to combat leukemia have greatly increased a patient s chances of complete remission. During treatment, a supportive diet should be given which is higher than normal in energy and nutrient content and which is acceptable and appetizing. 

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