What Microfiltration and Nanofiltration Are

The clean water flux across a membrane without any material being deposited follows Darcy s Law  

The net pressure differential across a membrane, taking into consideration the osmotic pressure is given by (AP - AH), and hence, the expression for the permeate flux is  

The resistance due to the deposit on the surface is given by the following relationship  

There have been only a few studies have evaluated membrane microfiltration of secondary wastewater effluent. Microfiltration membranes might be used to achieve very low turbidy effluents with very little variance in treated water quality. Because bacteria and many other microorganisms are also removed, such membrane disinfection might avoid the need for chlorine and subsequent dechlorination. Metal 

Nearly a decade ago, the use of low-pressure membranes such as MF and UF for disinfection and particle removal was only a concept being studied or was used only on a limited basis. The water community foresaw the possibility of providing 

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