Well cementing large-diameter

As in the construction industry, piling of the conductor is done by dropping weights onto the pipe or using a hydraulic hammer until no further penetration occurs. In an offshore environment the conductor is either piled (e.g. on a platform) or a large diameter hole is actually drilled, into which the conductor is lowered and cemented. Once the drill bit has drilled below the conductor the well is said to have been spudded. 

Mixed metal hydroxide drilling muds have been successfully used in horizontal wells in tunneling under rivers, roads, and bays for drilling in fluids for drilling large-diameter holes with coiled tubing and to ream out cemented pipe. 

Casing Steel pipe that is relatively slim walled and large diameter (5.5 to 13.37 inches). Joints of casing are screwed together to form a casing string, which is run into a well and cemented to the sides of the well. 

Spudding is the actual start of drilling a well and is akin to the first shovel of dirt at groundbreaking. A large bit, frequently from 18 to 38 inches (46-97 cm) in diameter, is used to drill a hole to a depth of from 10 to 100 feet (3-30 meters). The hole is then lined with a conductor pipe ( casing ). The space between the casing and the drilled hole (the borehole ) is filled with cement. 

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