Wave propagation angle

Fig. 5. A demonstration of Snell s Law showing the light wave propagation angles of reflection and refraction at the interface between materials of differing refractive indices as n,...

For an equilateral (dispersive) prism, the wave propagation angle (S) (shown in Fig. 6) through the prism is given by... 

Fig. 6. The wave propagation angles through an equilateral prism for light dispersion.

The benefit of such a model is that better understanding of the wave propagation process may be gained. Also, it is possible to make controlled parameter studies in order to understand the influence of e.g. defect orientation, probe angle and frequency on the test results. Results may be presented as A-, B- or C-scans. 

Fig. 9.14. Buccal surface of human molar tooth. Rayleigh velocity and attenuation measured using a line-focus-beam lens at 225 MHz. The sketches indicate the approximate measurement angles at which the Rayleigh wave propagation was in the direction of the arrows... 

Fig. 11.4. Velocities of bulk and surface waves in an (001) plane the angle of propagation in the plane is relative to a [100] direction, (a) Zirconia, anisotropy factor Aan = 0.36 (b) gallium arsenide, anisotropy factor Aan = 1.83 material constants taken from Table 11.3. Bulk polarizations L, longitudinal SV, shear vertical, polarized normal to the (001) plane SH, shear horizontal, polarized in the (001) plane. Surface modes R, Rayleigh, slower than any bulk wave in that propagation direction PS, pseudo-surface wave, faster than one polarization of bulk shear wave propagating in...

Case 2 of a dissipative medium is now considered where x = 0 defines the vacuum interface in a frame (x,y, z). The orientation of the xy plane is chosen such as to coincide with the plane of wave propagation, and all field quantities are then independent on z as shown in Fig. 3. In the denser medium (region I) with the refractive index = n > 1 and defined by x < 0, an incident (7) EM wave is assumed to give rise to a reflected (r) EM wave. Here is the angle between the normal direction of the vacuum boundary and the wave normals of the incident and reflected waves. Vacuum region (II) is defined by x > 0 and has a refractive index of = 1. The wavenumber [35] and the phase (47) of the weakly damped EM waves then yield... 

This initial optical noise consists of seed waves propagating at angles +9S and -9S with respect to the direction of the pump beam, i.e. in and opposite to the direction of the polar c-axis. Each seed wave ks interferes with the pump wave kp (9.4 (b)) and forms an elementary light interference pattern... 

Fig. 5 Wave motion at maximum damping and infinite dilational elasticity. A Motion at the maximum damping coefficient where optimal resonant mode coupling implies that a surface fluid element moves at a 45° angle to the direction of wave propagation. B Wave Motion at infinite dilational elasticity, where the same element is only able to move in the transverse direction...

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