Wave-Height measurement

Wave-height-concentration plot 604 Wave height measurement of, 605 Wavelengths approximate of colours, 646 limits of various types of radiation, 647 units for, 647 Wave numbers 646... 

Kirkbride (K17), 1934 Flow of water and 4 oils outside tubes, JVro = 0.04-2000. Film thicknesses (maximum wave heights) measured by micrometer. Wavy flow is described, and corrections to Nusselt theory derived for heat transfer in laminar wavy film flow. 

Current wave height measurement data are available on the website of the Baltic Operational Oceanographic System (BOOS, see www.boos.org). 

Fig. 35.2. The increase in annually averaged significant wave heights measured by a wave recorder offshore from southwestern England. ...

Fig. 35.3. Annual averages of the winter significant wave heights measured by buoys along the US Pacific Coast. ...

Table 35.1. Linear regressions for the trends of increasing wave heights measured off the Washington Coast (NDBC buoy 46005). ...

An example is shown in Fig. 35.6 based on the homly significant wave heights measured by the NDBC buoy seaward of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina the compiled data are for the winter months of November through the following March, the season when the waves have been generated by extratropical storms (Northeasters). In contrast to the decadal increase in the heights of summer waves... 

Fig. 35.9. Statistical analyses of the increasing extreme value projections with a rate of increase of approximately 0.09 m/year, based on the five highest significant wave heights measured each year by the Washington buoy.

The measurement of the current for a redox process as a fiinction of an applied potential yields a voltaimnogram characteristic of the analyte of interest. The particular features, such as peak potentials, halfwave potentials, relative peak/wave height of a voltaimnogram give qualitative infonnation about the analyte electrochemistry within the sample being studied, whilst quantitative data can also be detennined. There is a wealth of voltaimnetric teclmiques, which are linked to the fonn of potential program and mode of current measurement adopted. Potential-step and potential-sweep... 

The accuracy of the method depends upon the precision with which the two volumes of solution and the corresponding diffusion currents are measured. The material added should be contained in a medium of the same composition as the supporting electrolyte, so that the latter is not altered by the addition. The assumption is made that the wave height is a linear function of the concentration in the range of concentration employed. The best results would appear to be obtained when the wave height is about doubled by the addition of the known amount of standard solution. This procedure is sometimes referred to as spiking. 

When dehydration occurs as a consecutive reaction, its effect on polarographic curves can be observed only, if the electrode process is reversible. In such cases, the consecutive reaction affects neither the wave-height nor the wave-shape, but causes a shift in the half-wave potentials. Such systems, apart from the oxidation of -aminophenol mentioned above, probably play a role in the oxidation of enediols, e.g. of ascorbic acid. It is assumed that the oxidation of ascorbic acid gives in a reversible step an unstable electroactive product, which is then transformed to electroinactive dehydroascorbic acid in a fast chemical reaction. Theoretical treatment predicted a dependence of the half-wave potential on drop-time, and this was confirmed, but the rate constant of the deactivation reaction cannot be determined from the shift of the half-wave potential, because the value of the true standard potential (at t — 0) is not accessible to measurement. 

Amplitude The height of a wave. It is the mtiximum numerical value of a periodic function, such as a cosine wave function, measured from its mean value. Thus it is half the peak-to-valley displacement. The square of the amplitude is the intensity of the wave. 

The limiting current or wave-height is usually measured at a selected potential as the difference between the current observed in the pme... 

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