Water-soluble basic analytes separation

Ion-pairing reagents are detergent-like molecules added to the mobile phase to provide additional retention or selectivity for the analytes with opposite charge. Long-chain alkyl sulfonates are commonly used for the separation of water-soluble basic analytes as shown in Figure 16 in the analysis of water-soluble vitamins (WSV). Hexanesulfonate binds with... 

Extracting solvent To achieve the required selectivity, the most adequate solvent should be chosen. The rule like dissolves like" can be a good approach. Different water-immiscible solvents with different polarity and water solubility can be tested. The solvent must satisfy some basic requirements high surface tension to form a drop, selectivity, extraction efficiency, low volatility, incidence in the drop loss, rate of drop dissolution, and solvent toxicity and its peaks should be well separated from the analyte peaks [211]. 

Since many metals and metal oxides dissolve easily in hydrochloric acid, a great number of analytical and preparative methods utilize chloride solutions. Therefore, it is of considerable practical interest to ascertain the composition of the hydrolyzed species prevailing in chloride media. We intend to determine also the compositions and the solubility products of the basic salts which are the ultimate products of the hydrolysis process. The study of the solubilty equilibria may lead to the development of new methods for the separation of metal ions and it may prove to be useful to explain the analytical data obtained in sea water. 

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