Water-poor system liquid crystalline phase

These results showed an important feature of the dicarboxylic acid in question. Contrary to the corresponding monocarboxyllc acid, it prevents the formation of a liquid crystalline phase in water-poor systems. The implications of this fact for the formulations of liquid cleaners is obvious. 

Figure 2 (top) Equilibrium phase diagram at 25°C for liquid paraffin. Tween-80, and Span-80. Liquid crystalline areas indicated for changing water concentrations 15% w/w water (lamellar phase) 20% w/w (lamellar phase) O 25% w/w (lamellar phase) 30% w/w (hexagonal phase) 35% w/w (hexagonal phase), (bottom) The effect of composition on the ease of emulsion formation for liquid paraffin. Tween-80. and Span-80 systems. The area enclosed between the heavy broken line has "good" spontaneity and the light broken line "moderate" spontaneity. The remainder is "poor". (From Ref. 9.)... 

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