Water-insoluble agent inclusion

The CD can be considered as a transient second-sphere ligand when it is used as inverse phase-transfer agent in aqueous organometallic catalysis. Indeed, when the CD transfers the water-insoluble substrate into the aqueous phase via an inclusion complex, it is postulated that the included substrate binds to the water-soluble organometallic catalyst to form transient second-sphere coordination adducts (Figure 20). 

Surface-active agents are widely used in combination with other suppository bases. The inclusion of these agents in the formulation may improve the wetting and water-absorption properties of the suppository. In addition, emulsifying surfactants help to keep insoluble substances suspended in a fatty base suppository,... 

Figures 1 and 2 depict two alternative equipment trains for treating water. However, these diagrams are not all inclusive. For example, if the water analysis shows a high concentration of insoluble iron oxides, the first-step would be to inject a flocculent agent and then filter. Clear water iron can be removed by the softener or the Fig. 1 system.

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