Wakes periodicity

Insight into the state of dopaminergic tone is best obtained from measurements of extracellular dopamine in microdialysate samples collected from the behaving organism. Striatal (Paulson and Robinson 1994 Smith et al. 1992 Castaneda et al. 2004) and prefrontal cortical (Feenstra et al. 2000) dopamine levels rise in anticipation of, and are maintained throughout, the major wakefulness period in the rat, in concert with declines in dopamine metabolites (i.e., DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA) (Smith et al. 1992 Whittaker et al. 1997). This pattern is... 

At Re = 130, a weak long-period oscillation appears in the tip of the wake (T2). Its amplitude increases with Re, but the flow behind the attached wake remains laminar to Re above 200. The amplitude of oscillation at the tip reaches 10% of the sphere diameter at Re = 270 (GIO). At about this Re, large vortices, associated with pulsations of the fluid circulating in the wake, periodically form and move downstream (S6). Vortex shedding appears to result from flow instability, originating in the free surface layer and moving downstream to affect the position of the wake tip (Rll, R12, S6). 

Significant periods of movement are also evident during REM sleep periods, when REM sleep behavior disorder is present (117,138). These include vocalizations, increased muscle tone, and complex muscle movements. During NREM sleep, increased incidence of periodic limb movements is also evident in up to one third of Parkinson s patients (139). Muscle activity is often present in limbs that also express tremor during waking periods. 

C5. Chipman, J. J., Moore, R. J., Marks, J. F., Fevre, M., Segel, T., et al., Interrelationship of plasma and urinary gonadotropins correlations for 24 hours, for sleep/wake periods, and for 3 hours after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 52, 225-230 (1981). 

The chemist who made 3-quinuclldlnyl benzllate took about 0.5 mg of the compound and experienced not only dryness of the mouth and mydriasis, but also a sensation of weakness In the knees. Despite having received several subcutaneous doses of neostigmine, he slept fitfully that night and spoke Incoherently during waking periods. On the next morning, he was still unsteady on his feet, and his pupils were dilated. 

REM sleep appears to increase somewhat in both children and adults after learning, especially the learning of complex material, in the previous waking period. 

Fig. 1. Reducing sugar values (as g. apparent glucose per 100 cc.) for salivas of two individuals during waking period. Upper curve, supplements of molasses candy. Lower, supplements of bread.

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