Wakefulness-promoting agents amphetamines

Engber T. M., Koury E. J., Dennis S. A. et al. (1998). Differential patterns of regional c-Fos induction in the rat brain by amphetamine and the novel wakefulness-promoting agent modafinil. Neurosci. Lett. 241, 95-8. 

Engber, T.M., Dennis, S.A., Jones, B.E., Miller, MS, Contreras, PC. Brain regional substrates for the actions of the novel wake-promoting agent modafinil in the rat comparison with amphetamine. Neuroscience 1998 87(4) 905-911. 

Modafinil is a wake-promoting agent whose specific biochemical mechanism of action is obscure. It increases brain concentrations of dopamine after chronic administration in animals but has no overtly stimulant effect like amphetamines. It appears to have a slow onset and its action lasts 8-12 h abuse potential is very low. Modafinil is used in narcolepsy and other hypersomnias and has also been studied in normal people who need to stay awake for long periods and fimction well. 

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