Vorticity axes

The coordinates (x, y, z) define the (velocity, gradient, vorticity) axes, respectively. For non-Newtonian viscoelastic liquids, such flow results not only in shear stress, but in anisotropic normal stresses, describable by the first and second normal stress differences (oxx-Oyy) and (o - ozz). The shear-rate dependent viscosity and normal stress coefficients are then [1]... 

Fig. 2 (a) Conventions adopted in this review for the velocity, velocity gradient and vorticity axes characterizing shear flows. Most common geometries of shearing devices producing shear flows (b) planar Couette, (c) cone-and-plate, (d) cylindrical Couette... 

Figure 2.6 Eigenvalue spectra of CO2 (J) and vorticity magnitude (2) aX y = 2.6Z e. The faster decreeise of CO2 eigenvalues than vorticity eigenvalues indicates better potential for reduced-order modeling of the CO2 field.

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