Voltage zirconium oxide cell

The membrane polymer contents predominantly perfluorinated, hydrophobic materials. This becomes a problem if small electrode distances are used in electrolyzers (see section Cell Constmctions and Electrolyzers for the Membrane Process ). Then gas bubbles adhere at the hydro-phobic surfaces. This hinders current flow and increases voltage drop. Therefore, membrane surfaces are coated with a porous hydrophilic material, typically with zirconium oxide particles, in order to minimize adherence of gas bubbles. 

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