Volcanic processes

Allegre CJ, Condomines M (1976) Fine chronology of volcanic processes nsing U- Th systematics. Earth Planet Sci Lett 28 395-406... 

Macdougall JD (1995) Using short-lived U and Th series isotopes to investigate volcanic processes. Annn Rev Earth Planet Sci 23 143-167... 

Allegre CJ, Condomines M (1976) Fine chronology of volcanic processes using systematics. 

Mercury is a toxic substance that, through human and natural activities, cycles through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and ecosphere affecting the health of both humans and wildlife. It enters the environment naturally through erosion, fire, and volcanic processes, as well as a result of human industrial practices. The human activities such as combustion, smelting, and mining have elevated global mercury levels to approximately three times those found before industrialization. Once released, mercury persists in the environment where it circulates between air, water, sediments, and biota in various forms. Mercury is present everywhere in the environment. The level of Hg in air varies from 0.5 ng/m3 to 10 ig/m3. 

Figure 4.7 Relationship between 3He and water temperature in hydrothermal waters sampled in specific vent fields in the Galapagos Rift (cf. Figure 4.5). The correlation suggests that both heat and juvenile He are brought to the surface by the same volcanic process, in the ratio 7.6 x l(T8cal/atom (of 3He). Reproduced from Jenkins et al. (1978).

A direct relationship to volcanic processes has not been established for the cherty iron-formations of Australia, but Trendall (1973a) suggests that the source of the ore material was rhythmic volcanism. 

In separating the formation of the CIS from volcanic processes and not even accepting their remote connection, Plaksenko was proceeding from a postulate of Strakhov (1960, 1965). According to this postulate, the sedimentary products related to volcanism could not be characterized by the features... 

However, Rozanov (1971) relates the accumulation of iron cherts to volcanic processes and believes that a lateral series can be made of the known cherty.iron formations, in which the order of formation reflects the distance of the regions of iron accumulation from regions of intensive manifestation of volcanism. This relationship will be expressed in a gradual reduction in the role of solid products of volcanism in the composition of the formations. In that arbitrary lateral series the Kursk and Krivoy Rog formations occupy an end position and will correspond to Shatskiy s remote chert formations. 

For most of the Precambrian cherty iron-formations a relationship to volcanic processes is postulated. 

The question whether the role of volcanic processes in the formation of the iron cherts diminished from Archean to Proterozoic, and correspondingly the role of products of subaerial weathering increased, remains controversial. 

Apparently there occurred a general reduction of the geosynclinal systems and processes of volcanism in post-Proterozoic time, but a definite relationship to volcanic processes is also observed for post-Proterozoic BIF. 

Apatite is a widespread accessory mineral in xenoliths of Phanerozoic lithospheric mantle brought to the surface by volcanic processes. It is important in understanding the mantle residence of volatiles such as Cl and F further, it is a major host for REE and some LILE (such as U, Th, Sr) in the mantle (O Reilly and Griffin 2000). 

Mukhin LM Volcanic processes and synthesis of simple organic compounds on primitive earth. Orig Life 1976, 7(4) 355—368. 

Volcaniclastic Composed of fragments or particles and related to volcanic processes either by forming as the result of explosive processes or due to the weathering and erosion of volcanic rocks. 

ACS Sym Ser No. 93. American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp 539-573 Chap. 25 Reddy MM, Gaillard WD (1981) J Colloid Interface Sci 80 171-178 Reddy MM, Nancollas GH (1971) J Colloid Interface Sci 36 166-172 Rimstidt JD, Barnes HL (1980) Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44 1683-1699 Acta 54 955-969 Sato T (1977) In Volcanic processes in ore genesis, vol 6. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 129-222 Schnoor JL (1990) In Stumm W (ed) Aquatic chemical kinetics. Wiley, New York, pp 475-504 Schoonen MAA, Bames HL (1991) Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55 1505-1514 Schott J, Pettit JC (1987) In Stumm W (ed) Aquatic surface chemistry. Wiley, New York, pp 293-312... 

Allegre C. J. and Condomines M. Fine chronology of volcanic processes using U- °Th systematics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 28, 1976, 395-406. 

M. J. Streck, Mineral Textures and Zoning as Evidence for Open System Processes, Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes, Reviews in Mineralogy Geochemistry, Mineralogical Society of America, Vol. 69, pp. 595-622, 2008... 

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