Volatiles magma

Black S, Macdonald R, De Vivo B, Kilbum CRJ, Rolandi G (1998) U-series diseqnilibria in yonng (A.D. 1944) Vesnvins rocks Preliminary implications for magma residence times and volatile addition. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 82 97-111... 

Johnson MC, Anderson AT, Rntherford MJ (1994) Pre-emptive volatile contents of magmas. Rev Min... 

The magma contained a higher proportion of volatile substances. 

Holloway JR, Blank JG (1994) Application of experimental results to C-O-H species in natural melts. In MR Carroll, JR Holloway (eds.) Volatiles in magmas. Rev Miner 30 187-230 Holser WT (1977) Catastrophic chemical events in the history of the ocean. Nature 267 403 08 Holser WT, Kaplan IR (1966) Isotope geochemistry of sedimentary sulfates. Chem Geol 1 93-135 Holt BD, Engelkemeier AG (1970) Thermal decomposition of barium sulfate to sulfur dioxide for mass spectrometric analysis. Anal Chem 42 1451-1453 Hoppe P, Zinner E (2000) Presolar dust grains from meteorites and their stellar sources. J Geophys Res Space Phys 105 10371-10385... 

No more aragonite No more magma A foam is formed almost no dissolved volatiles in magma... 

Growth of bubble by the mass transfer of volatiles from the magma to the bubble in a sphere coordinate is given by (Proussevitch and Sahagian,... 

At a later stage of volcanism, volatile components are supplied from the magma and crystals of sulfur or hematite crystallize around volcanic fumaroles or in fissures of surrounding rocks. Compared with crystallization in pegmatite, the environment is much more open, and the crystals of sulfur and hematite grow due to the chemical reaction occurring when the components supplied in the vapor phase oxidize at the Earth s surface. This crystallization therefore corresponds to... 

In most respects, asteroid 4 Vesta is geochemically similar to the Moon. As judged from howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites (see Chapter 6), Vesta is an ancient, basalt-covered world (Keil, 2002). Its rocks are highly reduced, and its depletions in volatile and siderophile element abundances resemble those of lunar basalts. And like the Moon, Vesta is hypothesized to have had an early magma ocean. The exploration of Vesta is now in progress, and within a few years we may have enough data to discuss it in a similar way that we have considered the Moon. 

Weathering, erosion, and sedimentation are also important in concentrating arsenic in continental crusts. Togashi et al. (2000) even argue that weathering, erosion, and sedimentation are more responsible for enriching arsenic in the upper crust of Japan than contributions from magmas and lavas. Additionally, as discussed in the next section, the moderate volatility of arsenic, its sufficient solubility in hot fluids, and its reluctance to enter and accumulate in the mantle should preferentially concentrate the element in the crust. 

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