Void-fraction horizontal flow, predicted

The most reliable methods for fully developed gas/liquid flows use mechanistic models to predict flow pattern, and use different pressure drop and void fraction estimation procedures for each flow pattern. Such methods are too lengthy to include here, and are well suited to incorporation into computer programs commercial codes for gas/liquid pipeline flows are available. Some key references for mechanistic methods for flow pattern transitions and flow regime-specific pressure drop and void fraction methods include Taitel and Dukler (AIChEJ., 22,47-55 [1976]), Barnea, et al. (Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 6, 217-225 [1980]), Barnea (Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 12, 733-744 [1986]), Taitel, Barnea, and Dukler (AIChE J., 26, 345-354 [1980]), Wallis (One-dimensional Two-phase Flow, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969), and Dukler and Hubbard (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fun-dam., 14, 337-347 [1975]). For preliminary or approximate calculations, flow pattern maps and flow regime-independent empirical correlations, are simpler and faster to use. Such methods for horizontal and vertical flows are provided in the following. 

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