Vitamin biosynthesis reconstruction

Finally, three strains of Lactobacillus reuteri have been used for GEMM reconstrac-tion. Lactobacillus reuteri JCMl 12 had been used for medium optimization to enhance vitamin B12 biosynthesis by insertion of the biosynthetic pathway from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFSl (Santos et al 2008). Furthermore, two isolates derived from breast milk have been used for metabolic model reconstructions (Saulnier et al 2011). Lactobacillus reuteri strain 55730 has been identified as an important probiotic strain, and hence efforts were made to identify its functional properties via the integration of omics data, in particular, the amino acid biosynthesis capacity and vitamin production were detailed thanks to the model and proposed as part of traits enhancing probiotic effects. Such study represents an important step toward a metagenome-scale model and its application in industrial fermentations (Branco Dos Santos, De Vos, Teusink, 2013). 

Transcripts that encode all of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin E are elucidated in Table 18.2. The identified enzymes used to reconstruct the pathway of vitamin E bios5mthesis are presented in Fig. 18.3. The vitamin E biosynthetic pathway in D. tertiolecta is similar to that of the plant AraUdopsis thaliana, and the cyanobacterium Synecho-cystis sp. D. tertiolecta utilizes the metabolism of the aromatic amino acid tyrosine for the s5mthesis of the polar head group, whereas the unsaturated tail is derived from phytyl-pyrophosphate (PPP), which is a metabolite of terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (DellaPenna and Pogson, 2006). The committed step in the synthesis of the head group is catalyzed by the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD, EC 1.13.11.27), which converts... 

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