Visualization method electrical conductivity

Tracer methods, both visual and electrical conductivity sensors, have been applied to measure the residence time of the liquid in the rotor (15,26). Measured liquid residence time ranges from about 0.2 seconds to about 1.8 seconds. Time decreases as the rotor speed increases, as liquid flow rate increases, and as the radial position increases. Gas flow rate and liquid viscosity (narrow test range) have little impact on residence time (15,19,26). 

Electrical Conductivity. Changes in the electrical conductivity within or on the surface of a photopolymer film can be used to visualize the results of a photochemical reaction. A limited number of electrophotographic/electrostatic processes have been developed employing this readout method (22). 

The duration of the induction period seems to be independent of the method of observation, whether by direct visual observation, more sensitive optical means, or measurement of electrical conductance. In addition, the conductivity remains nearly constant during the induction period, indicating that during this period oifiy a small fraction of the solute exists as ion pairs or higher aggregates. 

NIRA, electric conductivity moisture meters, moisture balances, air oven method (AACC 44-15A) Rotap equipped with different sieves Visual determination... 

The example network in Figure 23.1, is solving a bioelectric field problem for a dipolar source in a volume conductor model of a head. The domain is discretized with linear tetrahedral finite elements, with five different conductivity types assigned through the volume. The problem is numerically approximated with a linear system, and is solved using the CG method. A set of virtual electrode points are rendered as pseudocolored spheres, to visualize the potentials at those locations on the scalp, and an iso-potential surface and several pseudocolored electric field streamlines are also shown. 

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