Virus encoded proteinases

H Toyoda, MJ Nicklin, MG Murray, CW Anderson, JJ Dunn, FW Studier, E Wim-mer. A second virus-encoded proteinase involved in proteolytic processing of poliovirus polyprotein. Cell 45 761-770, 1986. 

The polyprotein processing of picomaviruses (e.g., polio-, rhino-, and EMC viruses) is carried out by two virus-encoded proteinases 2A and 3C (36,37). The cleavage of precursor by 2A protein occurs cotranslationally at a single site. All 10 (or 11 depending on the virus) remaining sites are cleaved posttranslationally by 3C proteinase with remarkable specificities for the Gln/Gly sequence. 

Bartenschlager, R., Ahlborn-Laake, L., Mous, J., and Jacobsen, H. (1993) Nonstructural protein 3 of the hepatitis C virus encodes a serine-type proteinase required for cleavage at the NS3/4 and NS4/5 junctions. J. Virol. 67,3835-3844. 

Grakoui, A., McCourt, D. W Wychowski, C., Feinstone, S. M., and Rice, C. M. (1993) Characterization of the hepatitis C virus-encoded serine proteinase determination of the proteinase-dependent polyprotein cleavage sites.. /. Virol. 67, 2832-2843. 

Lucas A, Liu LY, Macen J et aL Virus-encoded serine proteinase inhibitor serp-1 inhibits atherosclerotic plaque development after balloon angioplasty. Circulation 1996 943890-2900. 

Macen JL, Upton C, Nation N et aL SERPl. a serine proteinase inhibitor encoded by myxoma virus, is a secreted ycrotein that interferes with inflammation. Virology 1993 195 348-363. 

FIS is a flavonoid that has attracted significant attention from biological perspectives, considering its inhibitory action against HIV-1 proteinase, a virally encoded protein which is indispensable for maturation and processing of AIDS virus and a viable substrate for anti HIV therapy (Brinkworth, Stoermer Fairlie, 1992). In addition, it has been shown that FIS may act in a similar way as a-tocopherol and could mimic its antioxidant activity in the membranes (van Acker, Schouten, Haenen, van der Vijgh Bast, 2000). 

---