Virulence markers

Bianchi TI, Aviles G, Monath TP, Sabatini MS. Western equine encephalomyelitis Virulence markers and their epidemiologic significance. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993 49(3) 322—328. 

Several studies hypothesized the prediction of distinct virulence markers from MALDl-TOF MS spectra such as TSST or PVL (Gagnaire et al. 2012 Bittar et al. 2009). Later studies cliallenged earUer attempts which aimed at identifying biomarker peaks for these distinct toxins and virulence markers. The suggested marker... 

Chifiriuc, M. C., Israil, A. M., Larion, C., Alexandra, I., and Dobre, G. (2007). Virulence and resistance markers in clinical and environmental Aeromonas strains isolated in Romania. Roum. Arch. Microbiol. Immunol. 66, 69-79. 

Virulence and Potency Testing Live attenuated viral vaccines are considered to have a theoretical risk of reversion to virulence that needs to be tested. This is done by monitoring genetic or phenotypic markers of attenuation or virulence and can include in vitro and in vivo potency tests [62],... 

Others modify the expression of virulence-associated markers to achieve better survival and multiplication in the host. 

Another problem is that virulence/pathogenicity is an essential prerequisite for successful matings since e.g. most auxotrophic mutants turned out to be non-pathogenic (Tudzynski et al., 1982), the use of auxotrophic markers in crosses is limited. 

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